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Food Interactions, Sirtuins, Genes, Homeostasis, and General Discussion
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Suppression mechanisms of tumor cells include growth inhibition by induction of cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Fucoidan, a natural polysaccharide of brown seaweeds, has anti-cancer activity against various cancer types by targeting key apoptotic molecules. It can protect against toxicity associated with chemotherapeutic agents and radiation. Thus, the synergistic effect of fucoidan with current anti-cancer agents is of great interest (5). A significant number of flavonoids, alone and in combination, have been shown to induce suppression of tumor cells. Tricin, a novel flavonol in rice bran, was shown to inhibit the growth of breast tumor cells or to decrease the number of intestinal adenomas in mice (4). Many studies have reported that phytochemicals in common fruit and vegetables can have complementary and overlapping mechanisms of action, including modulation of detoxification enzymes, scavenging of free radicals, stimulation of the immune system, regulation of gene expression in cell proliferation and apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis (2–4). More recently, evidence is emerging that specific combination of phytochemicals may be far more effective in protecting against cancer than isolated compounds. Moreover, drug-phytochemical interactions have also been observed, indicating possibilities for improved cancer therapeutic strategies (4).
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Toxicity — Nitrate concentrations greater than 0.2% can harm livestock. Heavy N fertilization may increase nitrates to 1.0%. Tannin concentrations between 2.7 and 2.8% have been reported. Several coumestans occur in alfalfa, 4’-0-methylcoumestrol, 3’-methoxy-coumestrol, lucernol, medicagol, sativol, tnfoliol, and 11,12-dimethoxy-7-hydroxycoumes-tan. Four isoflavones are reported in alfalfa (daidzein, formononetin, genistein, and biochanin A) and they, like coumestrol, produce an estrogenlike response, possibly contributing to reproductive disturbances of cattle. Seeds are reported to contain trypsin inhibitors. Some people are allergic to the dust generated when alfalfa is milled. Medicagol has fungicidal properties. Some alfalfa saponins exhibit hypocholesterolemic activity.42 Tricin(e) inhibits the smooth muscles and has antioxidant and estrogenic activity13 (GRAS § 182.10 and 182.20).29
Back to the Future – The Prospects of African Indigenous Crops as Future Foods
Published in David R. Katerere, Wendy Applequist, Oluwaseyi M. Aboyade, Chamunorwa Togo, Traditional and Indigenous Knowledge for the Modern Era, 2019
Callistus Bvenura, Estonce T. Gwata, Felix D. Dakora
A current literature search revealed 21 flavonoids and two phenolic acids that have been identified in finger millet (Table 8.3). Space does not permit a review of the voluminous literature that has revealed the antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective roles of many of these polyphenols. Suffice it to say that there is reason to believe polyphenols are a major reason for the observed health benefits of a plant-rich diet. Quercetin, catechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin, flavonoids found in finger millet, are active against breast, colon, and prostate tumour cell lines (Ghasemzadeh and Ghasemzadeh 2011). Gallocatechin has been linked with the prevention of metabolic syndrome, which increases risk of cardiovascular diseases (Legeay et al. 2015). Vitexin and isovitexin (vitexin isomer) are antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflamatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective (He et al. 2016). Anticancer activities have also been reported for caffeic, gallic, and ferulic acids (Ghasemzadeh and Ghasemzadeh 2011). Dok-Go et al. (2003) found taxifolin (also known as dihydroquercitin) to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. Myricetin has been reported to ameliorate insulin resistance in some animal studies (Li and Ding 2012). Tricin, luteolin, and apigenin play cardioprotective roles and have anticancer and anti-aging properties (Lan et al. 2016; Luo et al. 2017; Yan et al. 2017). High dietary fiber has been shown to reduce the risk of diabetes (Devi et al. 2014). A diet high in fiber lowers postprandial insulin and glucose response due to the formation of non-absorbable complexes with available carbohydrates (Lafiandra et al. 2014).
Effects of Green Banana Biomass (Musa spp.) on Laboratory Parameters of Animal Models of Wistar Mice under Hyperlipidic Diet
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Nathália Ferreira Lousek, Neiane Cristina Santos, Maria Clara Marcola Dourado, Flávia Melo Pontieri, Monatha Nayara Guimarães Teófilo, Frank Sousa Castro, Sérgio Henrique Nascente Costa, Graziela Torres Blanch, Arissa Felipe Borges, Clayson Moura Gomes
A study that evaluated the effects of tricin in mice with diet-induced obesity was carried out similarly. Tricin is a plant-derived flavonoid compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties, like the components found in green banana biomass. However, the mice were subjected to a free diet with tricin for 12 weeks instead of 8 weeks and the data analyzed were lipid profile, ALT, AST, accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, expression of lipogenic liver enzymes and expression of an adipogenic transcription factor on white adipose tissue. Besides, in that study, it was used tricin as an isolated compound, while in this research, it was used the whole green banana biomass. At the end of 12 weeks, the anti-obesity effect of high doses of tricin was confirmed (15).
Rhodiosin and herbacetin in Rhodiola rosea preparations: additional markers for quality control?
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Zoltán Péter Zomborszki, Norbert Kúsz, Dezső Csupor, Wieland Peschel
Regarding R. rosea, the isolated flavonoids are usually glycosides of kaempferol, gossypetin and herbacetin (2). In total, approximately 20 flavonoids have been described from this species, including tricin, herbacetin, gossypetin and their glycosides found in leaves/flowers/aerial parts, as well as flavonolignans and herbacetin found in underground parts, i.e., in rhizome or root (Zapesochnaya and Kurkin 1983; Zapesochnaya et al. 1985).