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Metabolic, Degenerative, and Unclassified Conditions Associated With Interstitial Lung Disease
Published in Lourdes R. Laraya-Cuasay, Walter T. Hughes, Interstitial Lung Diseases in Children, 2019
Antimicrobial drugs are very commonly used in the therapy of moderate and advanced patients with CF. Penicillin hypersensitivity is present in 1 to 10% of the general population. Drug-induced lung disease includes pulmonary infiltrates but such report is lacking in CF literature. Most descriptions of penicillin sensitivity are mainly dermatologic and occur during carbenicillin therapy.56 Ticarcillin or piperacillin may be used safely in patients who have cutaneous reactions to carbenicillin. Because penicillin-containing drugs are very useful in CF, skin testing for definite penicillin sensitivity must be done before abandoning the use of these drugs. Desensitization protocols have been used successfully.57,58 With the advent of more frequent aerosolized use of aminoglycosides and semi-synthetic penicillins,59 only future observations could document a higher or lower incidence of sensitivity.
Carbenicillin, Carindacillin, Carfecillin, and Ticarcillin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Ticarcillin has also been used for treatment of Gram-negative anaerobic infections (Nichols, 1983). Ticarcillin, chloramphenicol, and clindamycin, each in combination with gentamicin, were equally effective in therapy for intraabdominal or female genital tract sepsis in one study (Harding et al., 1980).
Malignant Neoplasms of the Colon
Published in Philip H. Gordon, Santhat Nivatvongs, Lee E. Smith, Scott Thorn Barrows, Carla Gunn, Gregory Blew, David Ehlert, Craig Kiefer, Kim Martens, Neoplasms of the Colon, Rectum, and Anus, 2007
In the area of antibiotics, controversy exists as to whether the patient should receive oral or systemic antibiotics or possibly both. Further, there is the question of which antibiotic is the most appropriate. Clearly, whichever antibiotics are chosen, they should be selected on the basis of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic coverage. There is no question that there are a number of acceptable combinations. Further argument centers around the timing of antibiotic administration, but it is certain that antibiotics should be started preoperatively. The duration of antibiotic administration is also controversial, but the antibiotic is probably not necessary after the day of operation. Our current antibiotic regimen consists of one preoperative dose and two postoperative doses of systemic ticarcillin (Timentin 3.1 gm) (383).
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill neonatal and pediatric patients with acute respiratory failure: a guide for the clinician
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2021
Briana L. Scott, Desiree Bonadonna, Caroline P. Ozment, Kyle J. Rehder
Studies have shown increased extraction of highly lipophilic and protein bound drugs [63–65], such as fentanyl, although circuit components have also been identified as contributing to this phenomenon as well, (i.e., drug extraction can be altered based on the materials of the ECMO circuit) [66–70]. Gentamicin, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefotaxime, fluconazole, micafungin, clonidine, midazolam, fentanyl, morphine and sildenafil PK studies have demonstrated an increase in volume of distribution (Vd) attributable to ECMO, suggesting the potential for higher dosing [71–83]. Decrease in Vd has been demonstrated for antivirals such as acyclovir and ribavirin [84,85]. Ticarcillin/clavulanate, gentamicin, bumetanide and ranitidine have demonstrated decreased clearance [75,86–89]. Agents such as caspofungin, micafungin, clonidine, midazolam and sildenafil have been shown to have increased clearance during ECMO [77,82,83,90–92]. Morphine clearance likely decreases initially and then increases and ultimately normalizes within two weeks [72,93].
Cystic fibrosis in Canada: A historical perspective
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2021
Tania N. Petruzziello-Pellegrini, Alphonse Jeanneret, Mark Montgomery, Georges Rivard, Elizabeth Tullis, André M. Cantin
In the early 1980s, aerosolized antibiotics were introduced in a small number of patients. Studies at SickKids provided important early evidence for the efficacy of inhaled tobramycin in treating patients colonized with P. aeruginosa. In a study comparing i.v. ticarcillin plus tobramycin with the same antibiotic therapy plus inhaled tobramycin, no difference was observed in clinical status and pulmonary function; interestingly however, the experimental group exhibited temporary eradication of P. aeruginosa.28 In a subsequent study, patients receiving long-term inhaled tobramycin showed stable pulmonary function and clinical status, while patients receiving saline alone showed a significant decline in both (annual rate of change in FEV1% predicted 0.7 ± 6.1 vs. −7.1 ± 5.8, p < 0.01; overall clinical score 1.8 ± 3.0 vs. −2.4 ± 3.7, p < 0.01).29 These key findings contributed to growing support for inhaled tobramycin in the treatment of P. aeruginosa, now a key component of standard practice.
Klebsiella pneumoniae carriage in low-income countries: antimicrobial resistance, genomic diversity and risk factors
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Bich-Tram Huynh, Virginie Passet, Andriniaina Rakotondrasoa, Thierno Diallo, Alexandra Kerleguer, Melanie Hennart, Agathe De Lauzanne, Perlinot Herindrainy, Abdoulaye Seck, Raymond Bercion, Laurence Borand, Maria Pardos de la Gandara, Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau, Didier Guillemot, Muriel Vray, Benoit Garin, Jean-Marc Collard, Carla Rodrigues, Sylvain Brisse
Antimicrobial resistance rates differed among the three countries (Figure 3a; Table S4). Low levels of resistance were observed for imipenem (0.8%) and amikacin (0.4%). Resistance rates to quinolones (15.5%), other aminoglycosides (17.5%), and third-generation cephalosporins (14.4%) were higher (p < .001) in Cambodia compared to Madagascar (2.7%, 8%, and 10%, respectively) and Senegal (~3% each). ESBL-Kp were almost absent in Senegal (0.7%) but they were frequent in Cambodia (14.4%) and Madagascar (8.4%). MDR-Kp rates were higher in Madagascar (39.7%) compared to Cambodia (25.8%) and Senegal (11.7%; p < .001). Multidrug-resistance was higher in the urban site compared to the rural site only in Cambodia (42.5% vs 14%, p = .002; Table S4). In Cambodia, 10.3% of the isolates were resistant to at least 8 categories of antibiotics. As expected, higher resistance levels were observed for older antibiotics (amoxicillin and ticarcillin with clavulanate, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole).