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Hyperglycemia Impairs Blood Vessel Function
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
The fact that a specific mitochondrial oxidative stress inhibitor achieves the same results suggests that the major source of ROS inside the cell, due to high glucose exposure, is the mitochondrial electron transport chain. To be specific, thenoyltrifluoroacetone selectively inhibits mitochondrial complex II activity (Piconi, Quagliaro, Assaloni et al. 2006).
Nitroblue Tetrazolium
Published in Robert A. Greenwald, CRC Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, 2018
Larry W. Oberley, Douglas R. Spitz
We have investigated these phenomena in great detail and have found that most of the effects are due to iron-sulfur proteins in cells.8 The bluish-purple color formation seems to be due to endogenous xanthine oxidase, while the low percentage inhibition is apparently caused by Fe-S proteins in the mitochondria. Both effects appear to be due to electron or oxygen free radical leakage from the Fe-S sites. Both effects are inhibited by thenoyltrifluoroacetone, bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid, disodium salt (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinedisulfonic acid), and bathocuproinedisulfonic acid, disodium salt (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinedisulfonic acid). We have found bathocuproine to be the most effective and easiest to use inhibitor. All of these compounds will precipitate when placed in the standard assay, so bovine serum albumin (BSA) must be used to keep the compounds in solution.
Morin and isoquercitrin protect against ischemic neuronal injury by modulating signaling pathways and stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Vanesa Carmona Mata, Joshua Goldberg
Morin (2′,3,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone), isoquercitrin (quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside), hesperidin (hesperetin 7-rhamnoglucoside) and neohesperidin ((S)-4′-methoxy-3′,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone-7-[2-O-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside]) were of purity ≥95% and purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.), as well as iodoacetic acid and OXPHOS inhibitors (rotenone, diphenyleneiodonium, 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone, antimycin A and oligomycin A). All materials for cell line culture were obtained from Life Technologies (Paisley, UK). The four flavonoids upon study and the chemicals used as positive controls were previously dissolved in DMSO and these stock solutions were diluted to various working concentrations in PBS or culture medium (final concentration of DMSO ≤ 0.002%), respectively, for cell-free assays or culture cell experiments.
Carnitine, apelin and resveratrol regulate mitochondrial quality control (QC) related proteins and ameliorate acute kidney injury: role of hydrogen peroxide
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Maha Mohamed Sabry, Mona Mohamed Ahmed, Omnia Mohamed Abdel Maksoud, Laila Rashed, Mary Attia Morcos, Amal Abo El-Maaty, Amr Maher Galal, Nivin Sharawy
Some limitations in our study should be considered: Our data suggested that H2O2 may play a role in controlling RAS activity and ATP level in the renal tissue. We acknowledge that the correlation does not demonstrate a causal relation. However, our suggestion is supported by previous results, which revealed that H2O2 stimulates p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and subsequently promotes angiotensin secretion in the renal proximal tubular cell. These effects were blocked by the inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I (rotenone) and II (thenoyltrifluoroacetone), catalase and a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK (Hsieh et al.2002). Data from clinical and experimental studies reported that the activated intrarenal ROS-RAS axis is strongly associated with the progression of the nephropathy induced by IgA immune complexes (Kobori et al.2007, Ohashi et al.2009). Moreover, antioxidant treatments were found to reverse the imbalance of the renal RAS components in obese rats (Luo et al.2015). The strong relation between H2O2 and ATP is consistent with the enhancement of ATP production after H2O2 scavenging, using a catalase (Andreoli and McAteer 1990). Moreover, human kidney tubular epithelial cells (HK2), treated with H2O2, was used to show the suppressive effect of the oxidative stress on the ATP formation (Small et al.2012). Taken together, these data suggested that RAS and ATP could be parallelly regulated by H2O2.