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Quantum Dots as Biointeractive and Non-Agglomerated Nanoscale Fillers for Dental Resins
Published in Mary Anne S. Melo, Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Isadora Martini Garcia, Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
For the cytotoxicity evaluation, the polymerized samples were stored for 24 h in a culture medium. Then, this medium with possible leaching (eluate) from the samples was placed on human pulp cells. Cells and eluates were kept in contact for 72 h. The viability of cells after this period was analyzed via sulforhodamine B (SRB) colorimetric assay, which determines the cell density by staining proteins of viable cells. The viability of cells, according to ISO 10993-5 standardization, must be at least 70% to infer that the material has no cytotoxicity. The adhesives with and without ZnOQDs showed values higher than 70%, without difference between them. The method used in this study is an exciting alternative to the typical assay using tetrazolium salt (MTT). SRB method has the advantage not to be related to metabolic activity, but to enable cell enumeration based on protein content. Fewer compounds (intracellular and extracellular) interfere in the SRB outcome in comparison to MTT assay, and SRB shows a better predictive power than MTT (van Tonder et al. 2015).
Scientific Rationale for the Use of Single Herb Remedies in Ayurveda
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
S. Ajayan, R. Ajith Kumar, Nirmal Narayanan
Ovadje et al. (2014) assessed and validated the anticancer potential of ethanol extract of P. longum against human cancer cells (the malignant melanoma cell line G-361, human colorectal cancer cell lines HT-29 and HCT116, ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line OVCAR-3, pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line BxPC-3 and normal-derived colon mucosa NCM460 cell line). Following treatment with the extract, cell viability was assessed using a water-soluble tetrazolium salt and apoptosis induction was observed following nuclear staining. The in vivo effect of the extract was studied using Balb/C mice and CD-1 nu/nu immunocompromised mice.
Plants Endemic to Turkey Including the Genus Arnebia
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Ufuk Koca Çalışkan, Ceylan Dönmez
According to limited phytochemical studies, A. purpurea contains naphthoquinones such as (S)-alkannin, (S)-β, β-dimethylacrylalkannin, isovalerylalkannin, (S)-isobutylalkannin, β-sitosterol and flavonoids such as isorhamnetine-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaemferol-3-O-β-(5″-acetyl)-apiofuranoside-7-O-α-rhamnopyranoside, and rosmarinic acid (Yılancı et al., 2015; Yüzbaşıoğlu et al., 2015). Isolated naphthoquinones were analyzed by MTT colorimetric assay that revealed significant cytotoxic activity (Yüzbaşıoğlu, 2010). The MTT methodology is used to measure cellular metabolic activity as an indicator of cell viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity. This assay is based on the measurement of the reduction of a yellow tetrazolium salt (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide or in short MTT) to purple formazan crystals by metabolically active cells.
Studying the ophthalmic toxicity potential of developed ketoconazole loaded nanoemulsion in situ gel formulation for ophthalmic administration
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2021
Mohammad Tavakoli, Mohammad Mehdi Mahboobian, Fatemeh Nouri, Mojdeh Mohammadi
The MTT tetrazolium assay, as a fast, reliable, and repeatable technique of determining cytotoxicity of different chemical substances, is known as the gold standard of cytotoxicity assessment. Reduction of tetrazolium dye MTT to insoluble formazan salt via the mitochondrial activity of viable cells forms the basis of MTT assay (Zhang et al. 2003). MTT test has background interference due to the inclusion of particles which may cause false-positive or false-negative results. In the current research, cell viability assessment was done by MTT assay on RPE cells treated for 24 h with 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% concentrations of KZ-NE in situ gel formulation compared to KZ-SUSP and blank NE in situ gel formulation. Our results indicated that KZ-NE in situ gel formulation was nontoxic at 0.1% concentration (viability > 80%).
Exposure of human intestinal epithelial cells and primary human hepatocytes to trypsin-like serine protease inhibitors with potential antiviral effect
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2021
Erzsébet Pászti-Gere, Judit Pomothy, Ákos Jerzsele, Oliver Pilgram, Torsten Steinmetzer
The assay is based on the ability of living cells to reduce the MTS tetrazolium compound to a coloured formazan product soluble in the cell culture medium. The reduction is carried out by an NAD(P)H-dependent dehydrogenase in metabolically active cells. The HIEC-6 and the hepatocytes were placed onto 96-well-plates and incubated for 24 h with the inhibitors at 5, 20, 50, and 100 µM concentrations. The MTS assay was performed with eight parallels at each inhibitor concentration. After removing the medium and three times washing of the cells with PBS, 20 µL of CellTiter96 Aqueous One Solution (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI) containing MTS and an electron acceptor reagent, phenazine ethosulfate, were pipetted into a 96-well plate, each containing 100 µL of phenol red free medium. The plate was incubated for 1.5 h in a 5% CO2 incubator. The viability of HIEC-6 was detected with an EZ Read Biochrom 400 microplate reader (Biochrom, Cambridge, UK) at 490 nm.
Fe3O4 Nanopowders: Genomic and Apoptotic Evaluations on A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Ayse Kaplan, Hatice Mehtap Kutlu, Gulsen Akalin Ciftci
The cytotoxic effects of iron oxide nanopowders were examined in A549 and L929 cells by MTT (2-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-3,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay (Fig. 1). The one of the most used assays to measure metabolic activity is based on tetrazolium reduction. The most common used of these analyzes is MTT assay (14). MTT assay, yellow soluble tetrazolium salt is based on the uptake of insoluble blue purple formazan by mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (15). The cisplatin and iron oxide nanopowders concentrations (1–1000 µM) were tested for 24, 48 and 72 h on A549 cells. The concentration interval and time dependent reduction was observed compared to control cells for both agents (Fig. 1a and b). The iron oxide nanopowders were not effective as cisplatin. However, the iron oxide nanopowders did not cause toxic effects on L929 cells at administered doses for 24, 48 and 72 h (Fig. 1c). The IC50 dose of cisplatin and IC30 dose of iron oxide nanopowders were statistically calculated using Microsoft Excel 2010 and 11.5 SPSS program (Table 1). We performed to use IC30 value of iron oxide nanopowders due to the nontoxic effects at low doses on L929 cells and due to be most effective dose at low doses as time and dose dependent in A549 cells.