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Recent Advancements of Curcumin Analogs and Curcumin Formulations in Context to Modern Pharmacotherapeutics Perspectives
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Animeshchandra G. M. Haldar, Kanhaiya M. Dadure, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
Balaji et al.34 have synthesized oxovanadium(IV) complexes, viz., [VO(Fc-tpy)(Curc)](ClO4), [VO(Fc-tpy)(bDHC)](ClO4), [VO(Fc-tpy) (bDMC)](ClO4) and [VO(Ph-tpy)(Curc)](ClO4), of 4′-ferrocenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (Fc-tpy), and 4′-phenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (Ph-tpy) and monoanionic curcumin (Curc), bis-dehydroxycurcmin (bDHC), and bis-demethoxycurcumin (bDMC) were prepared, characterized, and their photo-induced DNA cleavage activity through visible light was studied. The complexes as binders to calf thymus DNA showed the formation of -OH radicals by photocleavage of plasmid DNA in the red light of 647 nm. The complexes have been uptaken by the cell, estimated within 4 h of treatment, and measured by fluorescence microscopic. The photocytotoxicity has been shown by complexes in visible light range in HeLa cell lines and HepG2 cancer cells with low toxicity.
PEGylated Dendritic Nanoparticulate Carriers of Anti-Cancer Drugs
Published in Mansoor M. Amiji, Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy, 2006
D. Bhadra, S. Bhadra, N. K. Jain
Additionally, many other types of interesting, valuable, aesthetically pleasing dendritic systems have been developed such as Dendrophanes that were first described by Diederich and coworkers. They called these phenyl methane-based cyclophane. These were designed as globular proteins. Metallodendrimers include Ruthenium-terpyridine complexed dendrimers by Newkome and coworkers, dendritic iron (II) complexes by Chow and coworkers, zinc-porphyrin dendrimers by Diederich and coworkers, etc. and they contain metal complexed in dendrimer structure. Polyamino phosphine containing dendrimers are phosphorous containing dendrimers. Mesogen functionalized carbosilane dendrimer involves functionalization by 36 mesogenic units attached through C-5 spacer to liquid crystalline dendrimer that form smectic-A phase in a temperature range of 117–130°C. Dendritic box was based on construction of a chiral shell of protected amino acids onto polypropyleneimine dendrimers with 64 amino end groups. These monodispersed dendritic containers of nanometric dimensions have physically entrapped or locked in guest molecules (Jansen et al. 1994; Jansen and Meijer 1995). Toyokuni et al. (1994) described an example of carbohydrate dendrimers for tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens. They linked it without the use of macromolecular carrier or an adjuvant, and they conjugated it with starburst PAMAM dendrimers to elicit antibody responses.
Gold Complexes as Antitumor Agents
Published in Astrid Sigel, Helmut Sigel, Metal Ions in Biological Systems, 2004
Luigi Messori, Giordana Marcon
The investigation of gold(III) polyamine complexes was extended, in a subsequent study, to other peculiar gold(III) complexes. Specifically, two additional gold(III) compounds, namely Au(terpy) and Au(phen), were taken into consideration in which the gold(III) center is stabilized by bulky polydentate ligands such as 2,2′,2”-terpyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline (Figure 9). The structure of Au(terpy) had been previously reported by Hollis and Lippard [37]; the crystal structure of Au(phen) has been solved in our laboratory [38].
Terpyridines as promising antitumor agents: an overview of their discovery and development
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2022
Robert Musiol, Patryk Malecki, Marcin Pacholczyk, Jacek Mularski
By contrast, Messori and coworkers reported a practical activity pattern; however, it should be noted that this work was performed in two ovarian carcinoma strains with different sensitivities to cisplatin [58]. Compared to the other complexing agents such as phenanthroline, cyclam or diethylenetriamine, the terpyridine was the most active. A more detailed investigation was performed such as the interaction with DNA and genotoxicity in the COMET test, but only in the case of an Au-complex.
Application and design of esterase-responsive nanoparticles for cancer therapy
Published in Drug Delivery, 2019
Haonan Dong, Long Pang, Hailin Cong, Youqing Shen, Bing Yu
For most of drug or gene plasmid, rapid response to esterase is required to induce apoptosis of tumor cells within a short time. Phenyl hydroxyl ester is much more reactive than alkyl ester based on extensive literature research (Qiu et al., 2016, 2018). Phenyl hydroxyl esters have been utilized most commonly for rapid esterase-responsive nanocarriers’ design. As several anticancer drugs possess phenyl hydroxyl groups, they could be esterified to form prodrugs with rapid esterase-responsive property. 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), a most common anticancer chemotherapy drug, for instance, possess two kinds of hydroxyl groups, an alkyl hydroxyl group (20-hydroxyl) and a phenyl hydroxyl group (10-hydroxyl). The 20-ester of HCPT is more unstable than the 10-ester under esterase catalysis (He et al., 2016). The results showed that alkyl esters show much lower hydrolysis activity than phenyl hydroxy esters. Besides phenyl esters, some other unique ester groups are synthesized to meet the requirement of rapid esterase-responsive nanoparticles. Carbonic esters structure is regarded as one of the rapid response groups of esterase. Once a small amount carbonic ester group was introduced into the polycaprolactone (PCL) molecular chain, its hydrolysis rate with esterase was much faster than pure PCL (Yasuda et al., 1999). According to this phenomenon, carbonated PCL is regarded as a suitable substitute for pure PCL in drug delivery. Carbonic esters are also used to link drugs and carriers to form prodrugs, that drugs would release rapidly when exposed to intracellular esterase in cancer cells (Han et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2017; Sadrerafi et al., 2018). Another labile ester group is called alkanoyloxymethyl ester. The most commonly alkanoyloxymethyl ester is acetoxymethyl ester that can be readily hydrolyzed by the esterase in tumor cells. For example, Sakai et al. (2017) synthesized a series of alkanoyloxymethyl esters to inactivate terpyridine, a europium (III) ligand, for measuring tumor cell cytotoxicity mediated by immune cells. These proligands have been proved an explosive release of terpyridine when labeling tumor cells due to the high intracellular esterase concentration. Several esterase-responsive prodrugs based on alkanoyloxymethyl ester have been designed (Burks et al., 2008; Matsumoto et al., 2016; Tanaka et al., 2017). The rapid esterase-responsive bonds were shown in Table 1. Combination of these rapid hydrolysis ester groups would accelerate the hydrolysis rate of esters, however, also make the esters bond unstable inevitably (He et al., 2004). The unstable ester bonds, on the contrary, would fail to meet the requirement for drug delivery. A 10-carbonate of HCPT could hydrolysis in human plasma, and as a result, to release drugs. The drug could not arrive at their destination and will have toxic effects on normal tissues. Therefore, according to the practical requirement, the ester structure of nanoparticles should be rationally designed.