China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
In-Vitro Antidermatophytic Bioactivity of Peel Extracts of Red Banana (Musa Acuminate) and Common Banana (Musa Paradisica)
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Assessment of Medicinal Plants for Human Health, 2020
Shivakumar Singh Policepatel, Pavankumar Pindi, Vidyasagar Gunagambhere Manikrao
The assessment was conducted by cup plate method. About 18 to 22 mL of PDA media was poured into the germ-free petri-plates and authors had to wait for the sample to solidify. Fungi was observed after five days of old maintained strain. And fungi strains were suspended in the brackish solution (0.85% NaCl) and accustomed for their turbidity at 0.5 McFarland’s standard. 1 mL of fungi strain was extended in excess of the medium via pure goblet purveyor. By means of Flame Sterilized Borer, obligatory concentration of in-sequence watered down extract (0.62 to 40 mg/mL) was supplemented to 20 μL in each well, whereas petri-plates were kept in the media for 1 h inside the refrigerant, and afterward were incubated at 37oC. Once incubated for 48 h, the petri-plates were studied further for the test. Width region of reticence was deliberated and articulated. Dimethyl formamide (DMF) was used as a negative indicator at the same time. The procedure was repeated for three times. The comparable process was followed for antidermophytic observations using NA media that was incubated at 37oC for 18 h.
In Vivo and in Vitro Steroid Receptor Assays in the Design of Estrogen Radiopharmaceuticals
Published in William C. Eckelman, Lelio G. Colombetti, Receptor-Binding Radiotracers, 2019
John A. Katzenellenbogen, Daniel F. Heiman, Kathryn E. Carlson, John E. Lloyd
In the absence of the organic solvent, binding affinity determinations of this compound and estradiol by competitive and direct methods are shown in Figures 2A and 2B. By these two method the fluorinated hexestrol shows an affinity that is 19% and 29% that of estradiol, respectively. The addition of 7% dimethylformamide (DMF) changes these results dramatically: the affinity determined for 1-fluorohexestrol increases 5- to 7-fold. The solvent has little effect on the affinity of estradiol (it decreases by only 20%), but in a separate equilibrium dialysis experiment (data not shown), it was determined that 7% dimethylformamide caused a pronounced decrease in the nonspecific binding of the 1-fluorohexestrol. Thus, competitive binding assays on lipophilic compounds that are run in the presence of low concentrations of certain organic solvents can give more accurate measurements of their receptor-binding affinity. The generality of this effect with other solvents and on receptors for steroids other than estradiol needs to be evaluated.
Chemical Modulation of Topical and Transdermal Permeation
Published in Marc B. Brown, Adrian C. Williams, The Art and Science of Dermal Formulation Development, 2019
Marc B. Brown, Adrian C. Williams
Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and dimethylformamide (DMF) are likewise powerful aprotic solvents with similar chemical structures to DMSO, though with nitrogen atoms rather than sulphur. Also, in common with DMSO, both these solvents have a broad range of penetration-enhancing activities, for example, promoting the flux of hydrocortisone, lidocaine, and naloxone through skin membranes. However, DMF may cause irreversible damage to the stratum corneum. Further structural analogues have been prepared including alkyl methyl sulphoxides such as decylmethyl sulphoxide (DCMS). This analogue has been shown to act reversibly on human skin and, like its parent DMSO, also possesses a concentration-dependent effect. DCMS appears to enhance hydrophilic permeants such as urea and 5-fluorouracil, but is less effective for promoting transdermal delivery of lipophilic drugs such as oestradiol.
Enzyme/pH dual stimuli-responsive nanoplatform co-deliver disulfiram and doxorubicin for effective treatment of breast cancer lung metastasis
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Peifu Xiao, Xiaoguang Tao, Hanxun Wang, Hongbing Liu, Yupeng Feng, Yueqi Zhu, Zhengzhen Jiang, Tian Yin, Yu Zhang, Haibing He, Jingxin Gou, Xing Tang
According to our previous publication, we synthesized the copolymer PCL3500-b-PGlu-g-mPEG5000 [37]. NPs were prepared by a classical dialysis method [38,39] according to the formulations listed in Table 1. To ensure the negative charge state of the PGlu segment and provide the binding ability with positively charged doxorubicin hydrochloride, pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was selected as the aqueous solution [40]. Briefly, drugs and materials were first dissolved in 5 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Then, the above DMF solution was slowly added dropwise to 20 mL of PBS and kept under stirring at 40◦C for 1 h. Subsequently, the mixed solution was transferred to the dialysis bags (MWCO = 3500 Da) and dialyzed against fresh pH 7.4 PBS at 25◦C for 24 h. The final product was obtained after being filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane. Except for the amount of drugs, the preparation process of blank NPs, DOX NPs, and DSF NPs was identical with the DSF-DOX NPs.
Novel formulations of metal-organic frameworks for controlled drug delivery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Congying Rao, Donghui Liao, Ying Pan, Yuyu Zhong, Wenfeng Zhang, Qin Ouyang, Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, Jianqiang Liu
More accurate optimization on the size, morphology, surface characteristics, etc. To ensure the extension of the blood circulation, stability under physiological conditions, control cargo release, enhance cell absorption, and in vivo system targeted administration. Although the MOF surface has made significant progress in engineering, many types of MOFs are still limited in the aqueous solution and buffer solution, which hinders drug-controlled release. In terms of MOF, the synthesis of MOF is mainly under the heat conditions of high boiling point. It is carried out in polar solvents, such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and diethylformamide (DEF) [194]. Due to the increased environmental issues and growing demand for sustainable products and processes, introducing/developing more green methods (for reducing waste generation, organic solvent-free techniques, producing fewer hazard by-products) is a critical issue [195–197].
Engineering biosafe cisplatin loaded nanostructured lipid carrier: optimisation, synthesis, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Disha Mittal, Archu Singh, Kanchan Kohli, Anita Kamra Verma
Cis and o-phenylenediamine (OPDA) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Tween-80, Span 20, Tween-20, Disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium hydroxide and sodium dihydrogen phosphate were supplied by SD FINE CHEM. Dimethylformamide (DMF) was obtained from Merck & Co. Poloxamer 188 was procured from BASF. Cetyl alcohol, Gelol, GSM, Stearic acid, Compritol® 888 ATO and Precirol® ATO 5 were obtained as a gift sample from Gattefosse. Olive oil, Oleic acid Vitamin E and Soybean oil were purchased from Loba Chemie. Phenazine methosulfate, Nitroblue tetrazolium, Sodium Pyrophodspahte, NADH, NADPH, GSSG were procured from MP biochemicals. 5,5′-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), Tri-carboxylic Acid (TCA), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), H2O2, Sodium taurodeoxycholate, Triton-X, Haematoxylin, Eosin, DPX, Xylene were acquired from SRL. Urea, Creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP testing kits were purchased from Erba Manheim. Balb/c mice were purchased from Small Animal Facility (SAF) AIIMS, New Delhi.