China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Threatened Medicinal Plants of North East India
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Kalkame Ch. Momin, N. Surmina Devi
Medicinal plants having high value from across the states of NE includes species like Acorus calamus, Aconitum heterophyllum, Aquilaria malaccensis, Bacopa monnieri, Berberis aristata, Coptis teeta, Costus speciosus, Curcuma caesia, Elaeocarpus sphericus, Embelia ribes, Gmelina arborea, Gynocordia odorata, Hydnocarpus kurzii, Homalomena aromatica, Mesua ferrea, Nardostachys jatamansi, Paris polyphylla, Picrorrhiza kurrooa, Rheum australe, Rubia cordifolia, Smilax China, Solanum anguivi, Swertia chirayita, Taxus wallichiana, Trichosanthis bracteata, Valeriana jatamansi, Zanthoxylum aromaticum, etc. (Shankar and Rawat, 2013).
Identification of proper herbs
Published in C. P. Khare, Evidence-based Ayurveda, 2019
Taalisha still remains a drug of disputed source. Abies webbiana and Taxus wallichiana both are known as Taalisha patra. Two samples of needles and twigs from two different locations of central Nepal gave alpha-pinene 3.0, 10.3; fascile 3.5, 9.3; beta-pinene 5.1, 3.3; limonene 6.1, 2.3; bornyl acetate 4.2, 15.5; and carvone 5.8, 0.75%, respectively. Leaves obtained from Sikkim-Himalayan region gave a bioflavonoid, abiesin; two glycosides, methylbetuloside, and betuloside; n-triacontanol and beta-sitosterol. A new alkaloid, 1-(4’ methoxyphenyl)-aziridine was isolated.
Trade in Indian Medicinal Plants
Published in T. Pullaiah, K. V. Krishnamurthy, Bir Bahadur, Ethnobotany of India, 2017
D. K. Ved, S. Noorunnisa Begum, K. Ravi Kumar
A closer look at the 21 Himalayan species (Table 7.1) reveals that barring six tree species viz. Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don, Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees & Eberm., Juniperus communis L., Pistacia integerrima Stew. ex Brand, Taxus wallichiana Zucc. and Abies spectabilis (G. Don) Mirb., and two shrubs, that is, Berberis aristata DC, and Rhododendron anthopogon D.Don. the remaining species are temperate and alpine herbs. The wild populations of these temperate and alpine herbs are going down drastically due to indiscriminate removals to meet the high industrial demand. It is these species that need the most urgent and immediate management focus if their sustained supplies over a long-term period are to be ensured. An obvious strategy for increasing their supplies should be to build up their wild populations by putting in place effective management interventions to regulate their wild collections. The domestication and commercial cultivation of these species also needs to complement the conservation initiatives. However, domestication and cultivation would need intensive research inputs as most of these species produce harvestable parts after more than one year and, therefore, would need meticulous working out of their economic viability vis-a-vis conventional crops. Each of the eight woody perennials of temperate Himalayan forests will also need careful and immediate appraisal of the status of their wild populations in order to have an objective basis to plan appropriate interventions.
Strategies for the drug discovery and development of taxane anticancer therapeutics
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2022
Changwei Wang, Angelo Aguilar, Iwao Ojima
In the 1980s, the only known source of paclitaxel was from the bark of Pacific yew (taxus brevifolia) [7] and persistent over-harvesting of this slow growing tree once resulted in serious environmental issues [7]. Fortunately, this problem was resolved by the development of practical semi-synthesis of paclitaxel from 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB III), which is much more abundant in the needles of European yew (Taxus baccata), up to ~1 g kg−1 of fresh biomass, and these yew needles are renewable. Thus, abundantly culturable European yew secured the production of paclitaxel and docetaxel [5,7], which allowed INDENA SpA, Italy, to supply 10-DAB III to most of the global market [7]. Now, the ‘South No. 1 Yew,’ an elite clone from Taxus wallichiana Zucc var mairei, the fastest growing species of Taxus spp. that is endemic to China, is widely cultivated in Fujian and Yunnan provinces of China to produce 10-DAB III (0.9–1% of dry biomass) at much cheaper cost [8].
Yang-Yin-Jie-Du decoction overcomes gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Shu-yi Chen, Gao-chen-xi Zhang, Qi-jin Shu
As one important strategy to overcome EGFR-TKIs resistance, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has become a research highlight. Both clinical and basic investigations have confirmed that CHM has significant advantages in overcoming drug resistance (Li et al. 2016; Jiao et al. 2019). In clinical observation, patients who suffer from gefitinib resistance always present the symptoms of dryness-heat, thirst, night sweat, constipation, etc. Yang-Yin-Jie-Du Decoction (YYJDD) was formulated by Professor Qijin Shu, a famous doctor of traditional Chinese medicine in Zhejiang Province, based on his years of clinical experience. It consists of Radix Glehnia littoralis F. Schmidt ex Miq. (Apiaceae) [Beishashen], Radix Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker-Gawl. (Asparagaceae) [Maidong], Bulbus Lilium brownii var. viridulum Baker (Liliaceae) [Baihe], Caulis Dendrobium nobile Lindl. (Orchidaceae) [Shihu], Herba Hedyotis diffusa Willd. (Rubiaceae) [Baihuasheshecao], Cacumen Taxus wallichiana var. mairei (Lemée & H. Lév.) L. K. Fu & Nan Li (Taxaceae) [Nanfanghongdoushan], Pericarpium Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae) [Chenpi] and Radix Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. (Campanulaceae) [Dangshen]. The main function is to treat patients with the above symptoms after taking EGFR-TKIs. In our daily clinical practice, we found that YYJDD could reduce the side effects of EGFR-TKIs, improve the life quality of patients and prolong their PFS (Li 2017). Pre-experiment also revealed that YYJDD combined with gefitinib could inhibit the growth of drug-resistant cell line in vitro. But its mechanism still remains unclear. Therefore, we concentrate on the effect of YYJDD combined with gefitinib on NCI-H1975 cells (gefitinib-resistant cell line) and explore the underlying molecular mechanism in vitro and in vivo.