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Heart Failure/Congestive Heart Failure
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Taurine is an amino acid. Taurine is not typically considered an “essential” amino acid, since it can be manufactured in the body from the amino acid cysteine. It comprises more than 50% of the free amino acids in the heart.23 In animal studies, taurine has been demonstrated to slow the rapid progression of heart failure and consequently prolonged life expectancy.23 Human studies demonstrated taurine to be safe and effective in the treatment of congestive heart failure.24,25,26
The Treatment of Hypertension with Nutrition, Nutritional Supplements, Lifestyle and Pharmacologic Therapies
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
In a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial (DBRPC) study of 42 hypertensive subjects evaluated over 1 month, a combination powder dietary supplement was given once daily [134]. The supplement included 6 g of taurine, vitamin C (as magnesium ascorbate) at 1,000 mg, grape seed extract at 150 mg, magnesium ascorbate at 87 mg, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine HCl) at 100 mg, vitamin D3 at 2,000 IU and biotin at 2 mg. The active group had a reduction in BP of 16/11.35 mmHg (p <0.001) at week 4. The recommended dose of taurine is 1.5–6 g/day in as a single dose or as divided doses [2,128–133].
Drug-Induced Hypertension
Published in Giuseppe Mancia, Guido Grassi, Konstantinos P. Tsioufis, Anna F. Dominiczak, Enrico Agabiti Rosei, Manual of Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension, 2019
Rull Gurvinder, D. Lobo Melvin
Testosterone leads to androgen receptor agonism, which will elevate BP through the resulting salt and volume retention. This is not seen when testosterone is given to men with hypogonadism. Indeed, in this group, BP improves by 23/16 mmHg and there is a reduction in cardiovascular risk (22). Anabolic androgenic steroids are synthetic molecules derived from testosterone and are used in various medical conditions. They are also used by people to enhance exercise performance and for cosmetic reasons. They can lead to hypertension and other cardiovascular abnormalities; for example, left ventricular dysfunction, aortic stiffness and atherosclerosis (23,24). Aortic stiffness may persist years after discontinuation of androgens, leading to increased cardiovascular risk (24). Taurine helps to attenuate these effects in animal models (23). Danazol is a semisynthetic androgen used in the management of endometriosis and hereditary angioedema. It is also a performance-enhancing drug misused by exercise enthusiasts. It can lead to elevated BP, which resolves on discontinuation.
Effect of an Energy Drink On Muscle and Liver Damage Enzymes, And Cardiovascular Indices in Soccer Players
Published in Science and Medicine in Football, 2023
Fahimeh AdibSaber, Soleyman Ansari, Alireza Elmieh, Hadi Rajabzadeh
Moreover, the relevant studies showed that taurine has a combined effect on ion channels, transporters and enzymes, leading to modulation of intracellular Ca levels. Hence, the elevated concentration of taurine through ingesting beverages increases muscle performance (Arazi et al. 2015). It is believed that ingestion of energy drink provides energy availability to skeletal muscle, also prevents the process of depletion of required energy reserves, and may improve athlete’s performance by delaying the accumulation of liver and muscle enzymes in bloodstream. Furthermore, it can be said that the energy drinks compounds may occur a cascade of physiological events in the body, which reduces the risk of muscle damage and fatigue (Khanna and Manna 2005). De Carvalho et al. revealed that acute taurine supplementation can increase lipolysis and reduce the contribution from glycolytic metabolism, thereby altering the fuel utilization and metabolic efficiency of exercise (De Carvalho et al. 2018). Hansen et al. also explain that taurine has an anti-oxidative role, which facilitates taurine’s stabilizing effects in the mitochondrial matrix, thus improving the efficiency of ATP turnover in the muscle cell (Hansen et al. 2006).
Short-term consumption of alcohol (vodka) mixed with energy drink (AMED) attenuated alcohol-induced cerebral capillary disturbances and neuroinflammation in adult wild-type mice
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Ryusuke Takechi, John Mamo, Sukanya Das, Liam Graneri, Zachary D’Alonzo, Michael Nesbit, Edwin Junaldi, Virginie Lam
Both caffeine and taurine have been reported to have neuroprotective properties against medication-induced stress. Studies on the health effects of caffeine largely suggest that its stimulating effect on the central nervous system is by activating the sympathetic adrenal-medullary system [35]. One study by Endesfelder et al. reported that caffeine conferred neuroprotection from anti-convulsant-induced neurotoxicity in neonatal brain [36]. This study also implicated the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of caffeine in neonatal rat brain [36]. While caffeine has been well characterized as a stimulant, its effect on blood circulation/cerebrovascular indices remains unclear. We previously reported that chronic consumption of energy drink MotherTM has a blood pressure-lowering effect in wild-type mice [14]. Furthermore, caffeine is shown to significantly suppress oxidative stress and reduce vascular dysfunction, which may confer protective effects on BBB [37, 38]. Studies report a number of cardiovascular protective effects of taurine, which may help maintain healthy BBB [39]. Taurine has also been demonstrated to promote neural neurogenesis in the developing brain [40]. In other studies, taurine also demonstrated neuroprotection to brain cerebellar neurons from ethanol-induced apoptosis in young mice [41]. These data collectively suggest that caffeine and taurine in energy drinks may have contributed to the protection of BBB in alcohol-induced BBB disruption and neuroinflammation in this study.
Metabolic profile of exhaled breath condensate from the pneumonia patients
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2022
Xiaoguang Li, Juan Du, Jing Chen, Fei Lin, Wei Wang, Ting-Ting Wei, Jie Xu, Qing-Bin Lu
Studies on taurine metabolism and pneumonia are currently focused on in vitro trials and animal models. Previous studies showed that taurine composition increased in the urine or serum of mice with pneumonia.17,18 Meng et al. found that taurine played a protective role and inhibited inflammation.26 Taurine inhibited the decarboxylation of alanine mediated by myeloperoxidase and played an antimicrobial role.27 After triggering infection in the host, taurine acts as the kind of nutrient to nourish the microbiota and promote the resistance of the host to the subsequent infections using animal testing with cells of mice.28 In this study, the peak of 3-Sulfinoalanine involved taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathway was upregulated. We suspect that this may cause the taurine increase, which may play a role to inhibit inflammation.