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Contrast masking and spatial frequency properties of contour interaction in normals and amblyopes
Published in Jan-Tjeerd de Faber, 28th European Strabismological Association Meeting, 2020
The detrimental effect of flanks on the discrimination of a central optotype is called contour interaction (Flom 1963). It is part of the crowding phenomenon and has clinical importance when we compare single optotype versus line acuity in amblyopes (Flom 1963) or the peripheral visual field (Bouma 1970, Toet 1992). In both conditions it is much stronger than in the normal fovea and contributes to the poor reading of amblyopes and patients with central scotomas (Leat 1999).
Evaluation and prediction of individual growth trajectories
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2023
The graph contains more information than might be needed for some purposes. Depending on the intended user, we could alter various aspects of the design. For example, a bouncing amplitude element could feel uncomfortable for parents. We could replace it with a smiley for periods when the conditional SDS gain falls within preset bounds or show a question mark or a frown when outside. Also, we could tweak the flag centiles as more straightforward interquartile ranges or even show only the predicted value without indicating uncertainty. To enhance compliance, we could tightly shrink the flag’s width to an age interval around the next scheduled visit. Another possibility to communicate the inherent predictive uncertainty is to plot the realised curves of children with a similar predicted value, a technique known as curve matching (van Buuren 2014; Toet et al. 2019). Another idea is to apply a one-sample runs test (Siegel and Castellan 1988) to separate measurement error from biological variation in a more formal way.
Foetal amplitude-integrated electroencephalography: proof of principle of a novel foetal monitoring technique in adult volunteers
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
S. Mires, R. S. Kerr, M. Denbow, N. Dahnoun, S. Tancock, D. Osredkar, E. Chakkarapani
Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) is a means of assessing brain function, providing prognostic evidence for morbidity and mortality in neonates. Its role is well established in the neurological assessment of neonates, particularly those at risk of developing encephalopathy secondary to intrapartum hypoxia. Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) incorporate its use into selecting infants with encephalopathy for therapeutic cooling and identifying neonatal seizures (Toet and Lemmers 2009). Therapeutic hypothermia or ‘cooling’ is the current standard treatment for hypoxic perinatal brain injury, significantly reducing morbidity and mortality. However, death or severe neurodevelopmental disability is still evident in up to one-third of cooled infants with impact on cognitive skills by early school age (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2010; Liu et al. 2017; Lee-Kelland et al. 2020).
Long-Term Trajectories of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Categorical versus Continuous Assessment
Published in Psychiatry, 2018
Zahava Solomon, Rahel Bachem, Yafit Levin, Laura Crompton, Karni Ginzburg
Despite the growing recognition of the heterogeneity of the longitudinal course of PTSD, the investigation of trajectories is still limited to relatively short follow-ups, ranging from a few months to a few years (e.g., Bonanno et al., 2012; Haagsma, Van Beeck, Toet, & Polinder, 2013). Therefore, the empirical investigation of long-term trajectories of PTSD remains limited, particularly among aging trauma survivors. Aging entails many losses. These losses, along with the tendency to shift from planning one’s future to reminiscing and reviewing one’s life, may render aging trauma survivors particularly vulnerable to the delayed-onset or reactivation of PTSD. Indeed, data collected from the administrative databases of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) mark a persistent increase in the number of Vietnam veterans treated for PTSD 30 years following the war, indicating an increase of 37% from 2005 to 2010 (Hermes, Rosenheck, Desai, & Fontana, 2012). In contrast, some studies report a trend of diminution in PTSD symptom severity among aging trauma survivors (Yehuda et al., 2009). Hence, the assessment of PTSD trajectories across survivors’ life spans, up to and including their transitions into old age, is needed.