China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Recent In-Depth Insights of Nature-Based Anti-Worm Therapeutic Medications: Emerging Herbal Anthelmintics
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Ankita Soni, Paras Kothari, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
The leaves are rich in essential oil and mineral matters, particularly in potash salts. Albuminoids, vitamin C, and nitrogen are also present. The composition includes 89.6 protein, 3.7 fat, 0.4 fiber, 0.8 carbohydrates, 2.9 minerals, 2.6 calcium, 150 phosphorous, 80 iron, 4.2 thiamine, 0.01 riboflavin, 0.14 niacin, 0.6 vitamin C, 24.0 zinc, 0.98 iodine, 6.3 fluorine, and 250 ppm vitamin K. Betalain alkaloids, phenolic acids are present in fruits, betain, and oxalic acid are found in leaves, furanocoumarins and saponins are situated in the seeds, and oleanolic acid and sitosterol are found in flowers.17–18 The hydrodistillation of leaves yield 0.64% v/w essential oil with abundant constituents such as p-cymene (40.9%), ascari-dole (15.5%), pinane-2-ol (9.9%), α-pinene (7.0%), β-pinene (6.2%), and α-terpinol (6.2%).19 A new phenolic glycoside, chenoalbuside has been isolated from the methanol extract of the seeds.20 The hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves led to the isolation of seven imperative lignans (pinoresinol, syringaresinol, lariciresinol with its derivative compound and three sesquilignans).21 Kaempferol, quercetin, and their glycosides have been isolated from the aerial parts.22
An Alternative Approach for Anti-Alzheimer’s Compounds from Plant Extracts
Published in Atanu Bhattacharjee, Akula Ramakrishna, Magisetty Obulesu, Phytomedicine and Alzheimer’s Disease, 2020
G. K. Pratap, Manjula Shantaram
The lignans are bioactive plant compounds, non-nutritional, non-caloric phenolic plant compounds that are found at the highest concentration in sesame and flax seeds and in lower concentrations in grains, other seeds, vegetables, and fruits (Abef and Yamauchi, 1990; Gokare and Akula, 2010). The chemistry and biosynthesis of lignans in plants present in major food sources and their metabolism in humans have been studied (Zhao et al., 2003). The plant lignans most commonly distributed in foods are lariciresinol, matairesinol, pinoresinol, and secoisolariciresinol (Houghton and Howes, 2005). Some lignans are present in foods, including medioresinol (sesame seeds, rye, and lemons), sesamin, syringaresinol (grains), and their precursor sesamolin (Rao et al., 2011). Lignans are recognized as a class of natural products with a particularly wide spectrum of important biological activities, with the main biological properties of lignans being antitumor and antiviral activities (Zhao et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2015) (Figure 2.2 and Table 2.2).
Functional Foods
Published in Datta Sourya, Debasis Bagchi, Extreme and Rare Sports, 2019
Kamesh Venkatakrishnan, Chin-Kun Wang
Eleutherococcus senticosus (E. senticosus) is a woody shrub belonging to Araliaceae family, commonly called Siberian ginseng or Acanthopanax senticosus or ciwujia. E. Senticosus’ roots and stem (barks) have been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for curing various illness as it is a potent adaptogen (anti-stress). The roots of E. senticosus contain several major phytocomponents including sesamin, lignans, coumarin, β-sitosterol and syringaresinol, eleutherosides which contribute to various biological properties (Bai et al., 2011). It exhibits many pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial (Kimura and Sumiyoshi, 2004; Sumiyoshi and Kimura, 2016). E. senticosus has been suggested to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and endurance performance due to lipolytic and anti-fatigue activity (Goulet and Dionne, 2005; Zhang et al., 2010). Copious numbers of clinical and pre-clinical studies demonstrated that administration of E. senticosus increased VO2 max (exercise tolerance), glycogen contents, β-oxidation of FA (lipolysis) with decreased lactate (upregulating the expression of LDH), BUN and cortisol levels thereby improving athletic performance in different endurance sports (Huang et al., 2011; Kuo et al., 2010; Sumiyoshi and Kimura, 2016).
Assessment of radical scavenging, whitening and moisture retention activities of Panax ginseng berry mediated gold nanoparticles as safe and efficient novel cosmetic material
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Zuly Jiménez, Yeon-Ju Kim, Ramya Mathiyalagan, Kwang-Hoon Seo, Padmanaban Mohanan, Jong-Chan Ahn, Yu-Jin Kim, Deok Chun Yang
Figure 7 shows the dose-dependent reduction in melanin content of Gb-AuNPs which led to a dose-dependent decrease in cellular melanin production in α-MSH-stimulated cells. B16 cells treated with 100 μg/mL of Gb-AuNPs show higher inhibition to those treated with the same concentration of arbutin. The antimelanogenic effect of Gb-AuNPs is probable due to syringaresinol which was identified as major tyrosinase inhibitor in ginseng berry extract. Syringaresinol was identified to decrease the accumulation of the age-related pigments in human dermal fibroblast [34]. In addition, phenolic compounds in Gb-AuNPs are capable to inhibit tyrosinase and reduce melanin synthesis, while ginsenosides prevent intracellular increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are responsible to alter redox state of cell membrane proteins resulting in increasing rates of melanin production leading to dark skin [17].
Promising anti-Helicobacter pylori and anti-inflammatory metabolites from unused parts of Phoenix dactylifera CV ‘Zaghloul’: in vitro and in silico study
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Nada Elhefni, Sherif S. Ebada, Marwa M. Abdel-Aziz, El-Sayed M. Marwan, Saleh El-Sharkawy, Mona El-Neketi
The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated Helicobacter pylori, a virulent Gram-negative pathogen, as a Class I carcinogen for gastric cancer (Kouitcheu Mabeku et al. 2017). Currently, the infection is widespread worldwide, with a higher prevalence in developing regions (Zhao et al. 2022). Since gastritis is the most common symptom of H. pylori infection, many studies have focused on how the gastric inflammatory response works and how to control the disease (Masadeh et al. 2014). In order to develop a natural, affordable, and effective medication, the current study evaluated the anti-H. pylori and anti-inflammatory potential against COX-2 enzyme of all isolated compounds. Intriguingly, in the in vitro assays, syringaresinol (4), luteolin (7) and diosmetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (8) isolated from waste parts of P. dactylifera L. (CV ‘Zaghloul’) exhibited strong inhibitory activities against both H. pylori and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) enzyme. These results are consistent with those of earlier research reporting the anti-H. pylori activity of the lignan derivative syringaresinol (Miyazawa et al. 2006). In addition, flavonoid aglycones and glycosides such as luteolin and diosmetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside are well-known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-H. pylori properties (Radziejewska et al. 2020; Jafar et al. 2021; Garg et al. 2022). This article demonstrated how research on date palm agricultural waste produced valuable phytoconstituents with potential activities that can be taken as a cornerstone for further research to develop phytopharmaceuticals.