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Plant-Based Essential Oils in The Treatment of Microbial Infections
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Hercília Maria Lins Rolim, Alessandra Braga Ribeiro, Monalisa de Alencar Lucena, Andressa Barros Ibiapina, Thais Cruz Ramalho
Globally, the actual trend in the industrial field is signaling for natural compounds capable of reducing or even replacing synthetic chemical compounds (Almeida et al. 2018). In this way, ingredients and active compounds based on plants have been intensively searched for application in several fields, such as cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries. Additionally, several plant-based drugs are already included in the national health care in many countries, mainly due to their interesting aspects, namely lower cost, higher tolerance and fewer side effects compared to traditional synthetic drugs (Jardim et al. 2015; Uttra et al. 2018).
Nutraceutical Bioactives
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements, 2020
Andrew G. Mtewa, Kennedy J. Ngwira, Stephen Lutoti, Davies Mweta, Patrick E. Ogwang, Duncan C. Sesaazi
In 1989, the term “nutraceuticals” was derived by Dr Stephen De Felice from a combination of “nutrition” and “pharmaceuticals.” Nutraceuticals are plant sources containing chemicals that are primarily sought for their nutritive value and contain significant health beneficial properties (Sarin et al., 2012). These properties could be immune modulation, potential antioxidants, and other important pharmacological activities against diseases (Park et al., 2016). A related term, nutraceuptides, adds the use of animal venom and/or peptides to nutraceutical to treat or manage diseases and health (Mtewa, 2018; Mtewa and Kumphanda, 2018). Besides household benefits, natural product nutraceuticals have revolutionalized the food and pharmaceutical industries by showing potential of replacing or improving synthetic health-related chemical groups by natural nutraceuticals. Some of the synthetic chemical groups that have been affected are antioxidants and vitamin supplements. This has impacted the commercial sector as the newer natural product derivatives are more preferred by consumers than synthetic ones with a perception and belief that natural products are generally safer for consumption than synthetics. One of the most economically significant benefits of natural nutraceuticals over synthetics for manufacturers is the low-cost sourcing and production of the same right from raw materials to the market. In general, nutraceuticals are classified into functional foods, medicinal foods, dietary foods, and pharmaceutical foods.
Heterocyclic Drug Design and Development
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Garima Verma, Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman, Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
Despite its significant benefits in the health system, it suffers from numerous downsides. The most important one is that this system targets symptom and not the root cause Treatment in such a manner provides only a short term relief by chemical effects and does not alleviate the underlying cause. At present, the allopathic system is the most widely adopted one that utilizes synthetic chemical composition as drugs. Intake of these drugs for a considerably prolonged duration predisposes patients to a number of side effects. Invasive procedures can also pose serious consequences on human health (Drug-Free-Living.com; Allopathy-Strengths and Limitations). A few medical procedures are even associated with very serious adverse effects and even deaths in some cases. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the current scenario poses deleterious effects on the life of patients. Antibiotics are known to provide nothing more than momentary respite. Additionally, their use is also linked to serious side reactions. At times, owing to hectic schedules, physicians also end up with an inaccurate diagnosis. Administration of medications in such cases endangers the life of human beings. Also, in many instances, the consumption of powerful medications for not-that-serious health issues exposes patients to numerous health risks in the long run (Collins, 2016).
Toxicity of Trewia nudiflora-mediated silver nanoparticles on mosquito larvae and non-target aquatic fauna
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Venkattan Esan, Chakkaravarthy Elanchezhiyan, Shahid Mahboob, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim, Fahad Al-Misned, Zubair Ahmed, Kuppusamy Elumalai, Kaliyamoorthy Krishnappa, Govindarajan Marimuthu
Various chemicals have been developed to combat mosquitoes and their related vector-borne diseases (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2018). Most are synthetic chemical insecticides (SCIs) that may have adverse health effects. Although they are primarily evolving agents for controlling mosquito vectors, the extensive and frequent application of SCIs leads to direct and indirect effects in the ecosystem with various unpredictable side effects that can collapse ecological sustainability, reduce faunal health, abolish non-target fauna, and deposit non-degradable SCIs (Veerakumar et al.2014, Bharati et al.2019). As a result, researchers have evaluated viable agents for controlling mosquitoes produced from several botanical ingredients. These agents are environmentally friendly and inexpensive; they also exhibit effectively targeting and are recyclable and safer toward non-target fauna (Kamiya et al.2019).
Biologically active toxin identified from Artemisia annua against lesser mulberry pyralid, Glyphodes pyloalis
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Marziyeh Oftadeh, Jalal Jalali Sendi, Asgar Ebadollahi
The insect pests are considered as a barrier to human health and prospects by impairing quantity and quality of crop yields and transmission of pandemic diseases. The utilization of synthetic chemical pesticides produces toxic side-effects in the environment, plants, and mammals (Shahriari et al.2019, Senthil-Nathan 2020). Essential oils are good candidates for the substitution of conventional pesticides and many articles and patents for their use have been published in recent years (Ebadollahi and Jalali Sendi 2015, Benelli et al. 2018, Ikbal and Pavela 2019, Ebadollahi et al. 2020). The most attractive aspects of using essential oils as crop protectors are their very low mammalian and fish toxicity compared with synthetic pesticides and their non-persistence in water and soil (Isman 2000, 2015, Zaker 2016).
Eugenol improves tissue damage and oxidative stress in adult female rats after ovarian torsion/detorsion
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Bita Barghi, Majid Shokoohi, Amir Afshin Khaki, Arash Khaki, Maryam Moghimian, Malihe Soltani
The presence of ROS, e.g. superoxide free radicals, ‘hydrogen peroxide (H2O2),’ and hydroxyl (OH) free radicals have been implicated in tissue damage during the ischaemia/reperfusion process (Soltani et al. 2017). Free radical oxygen anions react with lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and impairs the structure of the cell membrane, leading to the deleterious changes in proteins (Rashed et al. 2013; Soltani et al. 2017). Therefore, in conclusion, antioxidant compounds may have a significant impact on the recovery and scavenging the harmful agents. Medicinal plants, as natural products with antioxidant properties, can be a useful substitution for synthetic chemical drugs as they have less adverse effects and the same potency to mitigate oxidative damage (Soltani et al. 2017).