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Bacterial, Mycobacterial, and Spirochetal (Nonvenereal) Infections
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Clinical presentation: Several bacteria, including Corynebacteria and Kytococcus sedentarius, Dermatophilus congolensis, and Actinomyces, are able to proliferate on the palms and soles, which is aggravated by excessive sweating. This can be exacerbated by prolonged use of occlusive footwear. These organisms secrete protease enzymes that destroy the stratum corneum, which can create multiple small craters and pits (Figure 6.9). Sulfur compounds produced by these organisms cause the characteristic malodor that can persist on footwear. The affected areas can have a whitish appearance, which is more noticeable after bathing. The pits can coalesce to form larger craters. At times, walking precipitates itching and tenderness.
Micronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), a volatile component in the sulfur cycle, is another source of sulfur found in the human diet. Increases in serum sulfate may explain some of the therapeutic effects of MSM, dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO), and glucosamine sulfate. Organic sulfur, as SAAs, can be used to increase synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, glutathione, taurine, and N-acetylcysteine (14). MSM may be effective for the treatment of allergy, pain syndromes, athletic injuries, and bladder disorders. Other sulfur compounds such as S-adenosylmethionine, dimethyl-sulfoxide, taurine, chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine, and reduced glutathione may also have clinical applications in the treatment of a number of ailments such as depression, fibromyalgia, arthritis, interstitial cystitis, athletic injuries, congestive heart failure, diabetes, cancer, and AIDS (13). In addition, sulfur is needed for a number of chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of drugs, steroids, and xenobiotics (13). The other sulfur compounds of biological significance are thiocyanate (SCN) in saliva and other fluids, ergothioneine of the red blood cells, glutathione, present in all cells, and glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, which serve a structural function in cartilage, bone, tendons, blood vessel walls, and so on (8).
Plant-Based Compounds as Alternative Adjuvant Therapy for Multidrug-Resistant Cancer
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
E. C. Aniogo, Blassan P. George, Heidi Abrahamse
Foods such as cruciferous and Allium genus vegetables like onions, garlic, etc. are high in sulfur compounds. These compounds have shown to exert diverse biological effects, like: free radical scavenging and detoxification activity, inhibition of DNA and tumor cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and the ultimate cell death (Moriarty et al. 2007). Evidence supports the protective effects of garlic in stomach, colorectal, and breast cancer in humans that appear to be associated with the presence of organosulfur compounds. The predominantly allyl derivatives in these compounds have also shown inhibitory effects against esophagus, colon, mammary gland, and lung carcinogenesis in experimental animals (Omar and Al-Wabel 2010).
The importance of sulfur-containing motifs in drug design and discovery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2022
Muhamad Mustafa, Jean-Yves Winum
In comparison with oxygen, sulfur has a larger atomic size, more diffuse electronic orbitals, and appreciably lower electronegativity. Consequently, special interesting characteristics and properties of sulfur-containing functions in terms of bioisosteric replacement, pharmacophoric and pharmacological properties, and metabolic stability have been exploited in drug design to modulate the potency of a small-molecule therapeutic against its biological target. Since the first ‘sulfa drugs’ used as antibacterial compounds and exemplified by Prontosyl discovery in 1932 and its metabolite the sulfanilamide, the versatility of sulfur compounds as drugs has been demonstrated in all classes of therapeutic agents ranging from antivirals, antibacterial, antitumoral, antifungals, antiparasites, anti-glaucoma, etc.
The Potential for Reducing Lynch Syndrome Cancer Risk with Nutritional Nrf2 Activators
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Allium vegetables, particularly garlic and onion, are a source of dietary sulfur compounds, notably DATS. DATS is an organosulphur, classified as a lipophilic thioester and is manufactured from the natural precursor allicin (35, 82). This DATS producing reaction occurs when garlic cloves are crushed, breaking cell membranes, causing allicin to interact with the vacuolar enzyme allinase triggering downstream manufacture of DATS (82, 96). Multiple epidemiological, In Vivo, and In Vitro studies have demonstrated that consumption of garlic can decrease cancer risk by inhibiting chemical induced tumorigenesis through multiple mechanisms (92, 96–101). One such mechanism is through activation of the Nrf2 pathway, leading to the downstream increase in endogenous antioxidants. DATS has been shown to activate Nrf2 through modification of Cys288, one of three possible cysteine residue modifications that liberate Nrf2 from Keap1, as outlined previously in this paper (87, 89–92).
“Driver-passenger” bacteria and their metabolites in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Marion Avril, R. William DePaolo
Of all the microbes in the intestine, only SRB rely on inorganic sulfate for conservation of energy. Through a type of anaerobic respiration,78 SRB oxidize molecular hydrogen (H2) while reducing sulfate (SO42–) to create hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Diets supplemented with organic sulfur-compounds (cysteine, taurocholic acid, and mucin) (mostly found in red meat, eggs and milk) provide a more efficient source for H2S production within the colon79 than inorganic sulfate (such as breads, dried fruits, vegetables, nuts, fermented beverages). More than 25 genera of SRB belong to the Deltaproteobacteria family, while others belong to Clostridia (Desulfotomaculum, Desulfosporosinus, and Desulfosporomusa genera).77,80,81 Since Desulfovibrio bacteria seem to be ubiquitous in the bowel, but heavily colonized in disease, they are most likely to play a role in pathogenicity of gut inflammation possible linked with the sulfide detoxication pathways or bacterial antigen presentation.