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Toxoplasmosis
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Sulfadiazine (or sulfapyrazine, sulfamethazine, or sulfamerazine) acts synergistically with pyrimethamine with a combined activity against toxoplasmosis much greater than a merely additive affect. Like pyrimethamine, sulfa drugs disrupt folic acid metabolism in bacterial species. Renal toxicity (crystalluria and hematuria), toxic dermal reaction (Stevens–Johnson syndrome), and blood dyscrasias are reported with sulfa drug therapies. However, these agents are well tolerated in most individuals. In the neonate, sulfa drugs displace bilirubin from albumin, and kernicterus may occur. The risk of neonatal kernicterus from maternal intake of sulfa drugs is quite small.
Sulfanilamide
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Nine patients allergic to sulfanilamide were patch tested with a battery of 25 sulfonamides (all tested 5% pet.) to detect cross-sensitization and there were 3 reactions to sodium sulfadiazine, 2 to sodium sulfacetamide, one to sulfaguanidine, one to sodium sulfadimidine and one to sodium sulfamerazine (6).
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Published in Adorjan Aszalos, Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020
Joel J. Kirschbaum, Adorjan Aszalos
Contents in body tissues were assayed with a limit of detection of 10 ng/g using an ethylsilane column with a mobile phase of 400 ml methanol and 600 ml water containing 1.6 g lithium perchlorate. The flow rate was 1 ml/min through an amperometric detector with two glassy carbon electrodes as working (at + 1.10 V) and auxiliary electrodes, and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode [342]. Sulfamerazine was used as internal standard.
Review of industrially recognized polymers and manufacturing processes for amorphous solid dispersion based formulations
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2023
Sumit Kumar Saha, Amita Joshi, Romi Singh, Kiran Dubey
As discussed in the risk assessment for the HME process, the selection of processing temperature is a critical factor for ASD manufacturing. The selected processing temperature shall not result in the degradation of drug and/or polymer. The HME process is not a preferred method for thermolabile and high Tm drugs due to the risk of drug and/or polymer degradation at elevated temperatures (Tiwari et al. 2016). In 2022, Kyeremateng et al. introduced the HME risk classification system (HCS) system for the initial evaluation of ASD manufacturability for high Tm drugs by the HME process. It considers the thermodynamic solubility temperature of drugs in polymer and drug loading. This concept has been successfully applied within AbbVie for various drugs with major emphasis on residual crystallinity and degradation during the development of ASD formulation e.g. pibrentasvir (Tm – > 230 °C). They exemplified the application of this concept on two high Tm drugs – telmisartan (Tm – 269 °C & Td – 280 °C) and sulfamerazine (Tm – 236 °C & Td – 246 °C) using two commonly used polymers, Copovidone (Tg – 107 °C, Td – 230 °C) and Soluplus (Tg −70 °C & Td − 250 °C) (Kyeremateng et al. 2022).