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An Overview of COVID-19 Treatment
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Saffora Riaz, Farkhanda Manzoor, Dou Deqiang, Najmur Rahman
The bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, e.g., tetrandrine, fangchinoline, and cepharanthine isolated from Stephania tetrandra have been reported for anti-SARS-CoV effects. The restricted alkaloid lycorine from Lycoris radiata generally showed unique obstruction of SARS-CoV [113].
Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects of Terpenes, Polyphenolics, and Other Non-Flavonoid Phytochemicals
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Tetrandrine is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid found in the Chinese medicinal plant, Stephania tetrandra.217 Administration of tetrandrine decreased immobility in the forced swim and tail suspension tests in mice. The substance also restored sucrose preference in mice that had been subjected to chronic unpredictable stress. Tetrandrine further restored hippocampal levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in stressed mice and in mice that been treated with reserpine, and maintained hippocampal levels of BDNF in stressed mice.218 Other structurally similar bisbenzylisoquinolines have shown antidepressant-like effects. Those include liensinine and neferine from Nelumbo nucifera219 and warifteine,220 a bisbenzylisoquinoline from Cissampelos sympodialis.
TCM safety and regulations
Published in Raymond Cooper, Chun-Tao Che, Daniel Kam-Wah Mok, Charmaine Wing-Yee Tsang, Chinese and Botanical Medicines, 2017
Raymond Cooper, Chun-Tao Che, Daniel Kam-Wah Mok, Charmaine Wing-Yee Tsang
Analytical and chemical analysis of the formulation and the individual Chinese herbs contained in the products revealed the presence of chemicals known as alkaloids. The alkaloid profiles were different from the original formula used before 1990. It was determined that the toxin aristolochic acid (Figure 7.1) was found in the weight loss product. Instead of using Stephania tetrandra radix to make the product, another herb Aristolochia fangchi was used. This may have occurred because the Chinese name of Stephania tetrandra (Han Fang Ji) is very similar to that of A. fangchi, which is known as Guang Fang Ji. The similarity in these Chinese names may have caused one herb to be accidentally replaced by the other one, due to a confusion in pronunciation and this remains a critical issue when the herbs are being traded outside China.
Nephrotoxicity induced by natural compounds from herbal medicines – a challenge for clinical application
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2022
Jinqiu Rao, Ting Peng, Na Li, Yuan Wang, Caiqin Yan, Kai Wang, Feng Qiu
Generally, a single natural component comes from more than two plant species or even more than two families. Genuine medicinal materials and other factors affected the proportion of effective, and toxic components, and the content of heavy metals, as well as pesticide residues, leading to different risks of renal toxicity induced by the same HMs decoction pieces. For instance, Guangfangji is the dried root of aristolochiaceae. The root of Stephania tetrandra is also used as medicine, which is called “FenFangji”. Due to the prohibition of aristolochic acid toxicity, “FenFangji” has gradually become mainstream primitive. Therefore, the standardized use and regulation management of HMs need to be strengthened to avoid the occurrence of CAN (Yu and Liu 2009). It is very important to establish Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) production base and ensure the quality of HMs to prevent renal toxicity.
Dual variable of drug loaded micelles in both particle and electrical charge on gastric cancer treatment
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2020
Xiu-ying Li, Jian-hua Wang, Li-yan Gu, Xue-min Yao, Fu-yi Cai, Ming Jing, Xue-tao Li, Rui-jun Ju
Paclitaxel is a complex tetracyclic diterpenoid compound extracted from Taxus plants, it is a highly effective chemotherapeutic drug [14]. When paclitaxel contacts with tumour cells, it accumulates a large number of microtubules that interfere with cell function and blocks cell division process. However, paclitaxel lacks the specificity of targeting, as a cytotoxic agent, serious adverse reactions can occur in clinical applications [15]. Paclitaxel has low water solubility, low oral bioavailability, and it is tough to find a safe solvent for intravenous injection. This extremely limits the application of this natural active product in the field of antitumor. Tetrandrine is an alkaloid extracted from plants such as Stephania tetrandra, it has superior anti-tumour effects [16]. It was reported that tetrandrine could inhibit the overexpression of P-gp in tumour cells and reverse the multidrug resistance induced by paclitaxel [17–19], and it also could induce tumour cell apoptosis, destroy tumour neovascularization and inhibit tumour invasion. But tetrandrine also has the disadvantages of low water solubility and poor targeting.
The broad-spectrum antiviral recommendations for drug discovery against COVID-19
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2020
Abu Hazafa, Khalil ur-Rahman, Ikram-ul- Haq, Nazish Jahan, Muhammad Mumtaz, Muhammad Farman, Huma Naeem, Faheem Abbas, Muhammad Naeem, Sania Sadiqa, Saira Bano
The Cepharanthine (CEP), Fangchinoline (FAN), and bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids tetrandrine (TET) are the important medicinal herbs which are isolated from Stephania tetrandra and Menispermaceae (Bhagya and Chandrashekar 2016; Liu et al. 2016). The emerging evidence reported that CEP, well showed the antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus type-1 (Bailly 2019; Kim et al. 2019), and also demonstrated that TET is licensed an important antiviral in the reduction of different types of virus infections, including Ebola virus, dengue virus, and herpes simplex virus (Sakurai et al. 2015; Hoenen et al. 2019), and FAN also helped in the inhibition of HIV-1 (Wan et al. 2012). However, based on their significant results upon other viruses, these natural products could be potent antivirals against COVID-19 in the combination, but not limited to interferons, cidofovir, zanamivir, and ribavirin. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared that much research and development (R&D) is required on urgent bases to treat or inhibit the coronavirus including MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, COVID-19, and other bat coronaviruses (Organization WH 2018; Kim et al. 2019).