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Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Their Activities
Published in Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari, Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Fish Wastes, 2022
Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari
Squalamine: This shark contains the squalamine, a steroid which has been reported to be a potent antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activities (Khora, 2013). The various bioactivities shown by this compound are detailed below.
Marine Natural Products for Human Health Care
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Squalamine was also found useful in treating diseases of aged-people and also impairments related to vision (macular degeneration) [53, 101]. Kahalalide F was discovered along with several new highly active depsipep-tides from the mollusk (Elysia rufescens) by Scheuer of Hawai University, USA [120]. The actual sources of kahalalide were the algae Bryopsis sp, which this mollusk feeds on. The structure and relative stereochemistry of kahalalide-F was corrected after the solid-phase synthesis [176] followed by preclinical and clinical trials by the PharmaMar company.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration Drug Delivery
Published in Glenn J. Jaffe, Paul Ashton, P. Andrew Pearson, Intraocular Drug Delivery, 2006
Kourous A. Rezaei, Sophie J. Bakri, Peter K. Kaiser
Squalamine, a broad-spectrum aminosterol antibiotic was originally isolated from the dogfish squalus acanthias (60). In various animal models it inhibits ocular neovascularization (61,62). Its anti-angiogenic activity is ascribed, at least in part, to its blockage of mitogen-induced proliferation and migration of endothelial cells (62). Early results from a Mexican Phase I–II clinical trial of squalamine, in patients with AMD indicated that squalamine induced CNV shrinkage in some patients, and lesion stabilization in others. In addition, in early study results, visual acuity was improved greater than three lines in some patients, and was stabilized in all patients. Some patients have been followed for up to four months after initiation of therapy. The responses observed include each angiographic subtype of AMD lesion. Further follow-up evaluations on all of the patients enrolled in the study, and additional Phase II and III trials are currently underway.
Innovative therapies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Hasenin Al-Khersan, Rehan M. Hussain, Thomas A. Ciulla, Pravin U. Dugel
Squalamine lactate eyedrops (Ohr Pharmaceutical) prevent downstream signaling of multiple angiogenic factors (VEGF receptor-1, VEGF receptor-2, PDGF receptor, and b-FGF receptor). The phase 2 IMPACT study (NCT02511613) compared squalamine drops twice daily plus ranibizumab as needed with placebo plus ranibizumab as needed. The trial did not meet its primary endpoint goal of decreasing the frequency of ranibizumab injections and did not show a significant difference in BCVA in those who completed the trial. In January 2018, Ohr Pharmaceutical announced that the MAKO study (NCT02727881), a phase 3 study evaluating the efficacy of topical squalamine in combination with monthly ranibizumab, failed to meet its primary efficacy endpoint. Patients in the combination squalamine/ranibizumab arm achieved mean gains of 8.33 letters from baseline compared to 10.58 letters with ranibizumab monotherapy at nine months. No plans to continue development have been announced.
Gut microbiota in ALS: possible role in pathogenesis?
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2019
Pamela A. McCombe, Robert D. Henderson, Aven Lee, John D. Lee, Trent M. Woodruff, Restuadi Restuadi, Allan McRae, Naomi R. Wray, Shyuan Ngo, Frederik J. Steyn
In general, antibiotic therapy is thought to cause gut dysbiosis. However, there could be a benefit from the use of antibiotics that are selectively directed against harmful bacteria. Antibiotics that are not absorbed systemically have been used for gut diseases that are thought to involve dysbiosis [275]. Squalamine is a novel antibiotic with activity against methanogenic Archaea [276] and could be used to remove the microbes that might be producing gut toxins through methylation. The strategy here is to lessen the production of BMAA-like molecules that might cause neurotoxicity.
Newer therapeutic agents for retinal diseases
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2022
Ashish Markan, Swechya Neupane, Rupesh Agrawal, Vishali Gupta
Squalamine is an anti-angiogenic and anti-viral drug that inhibits various growth factors like VEGF, platelet derived growth factors (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) [43]. Preliminary studies in wet AMD have shown promising results using topical squalamine, but results from phase III MAKO trial in DME did not show significant benefits of co-administrating squalamine with ranibizumab [44].