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Psoriasis and lichen planus
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
The exact aetiology of LP is unknown; however, it results from an immune response to the basal layer of epidermis. The following are associated with the onset of this autoimmune disorder:Drugs: diuretics (thiazides, spirolactone, furosemide), gold, anitmalarials, β−blockers, penicillamine, phenothiazines, ACE-inhibitors, quinidineInfections: hepatitis C infection and post viral chronic active hepatitisImmunological disorders: primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune chronic active hepatitis
Biotransformation of Sesquiterpenoids, Ionones, Damascones, Adamantanes, and Aromatic Compounds by Green Algae, Fungi, and Mammals
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Yoshinori Asakawa, Yoshiaki Noma
Curdione (120) was also treated in A. niger to afford two allylic alcohols (133, 134) and a spirolactone (135). C. aromatica and Curcuma wenyujin produced spirolactone (135), which might be formed from curdione via transannular reaction in vivo and was biotransformed to spirolactone diol (135) (Asakawa et al., 1991; Sakui et al., 1992) (Figure 23.44).
A Survey of Multidimensional and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Premenstrual Syndrome
Published in Diana L. Taylor, Nancy F. Woods, Menstruation, Health, and Illness, 2019
Antiprostaglandin therapy has been suggested as a second-line choice and found effective in a study by Wood and Jakubowicz (1980) using mefenamic acid. Spirolactone as studied by Hendler (1980) is used as an antagonist for aldosterone and has improved PMS symptoms in 6 out of 7 clients in the trial. Antagonists of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, studied by Muse, Cetel, Futterman, and Yen (1984), showed marked improvement in 8 PMS clients. Other pharmacotherapeutic agents suggested include antidepressants and antianxiety medication. Nutrition and vitamin/mineral supplementation is widely discussed in the literature (Abraham & Hargrove, 1980; Abraham, 1980a, 1980b; Abraham, Schwartz, & Lubran, 1984; Abraham & Lubran, 1981; Block, 1960; Goei & Abraham, 1983; Goei, Ralston, & Abraham, 1982; Shangold, 1982). Exercise therapy has also been prescribed for PMS clients as a stress reduction technique and aerobic conditioning (Timonen & Procope, 1971).
Anthropometric Evaluation and Functional Assessment of Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension and its Relationship with Pulmonary Circulation Parameters and Functional Performance
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2018
Priscila B. Zanella, Camila C. Àvila, Carolina G. de Souza
Of the 34 participants included, 26 were female (76.5%). The age ranged from 19 to 74 years, with a mean of 47.0 ± 14.5 years. The mean time for diagnosis was 3.1 ± 1.3 years. In terms of PH classification, 67.6% of patients belonged to group 1, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), while 32.4% belonged to group 4, chronic thromboembolic PH. The staging of the disease based on functional status score showed that 29.4% of patients were in class I without any limitation of physical activity, 47.1% were in class II with a light limitation, 20.6% were in class III with a severe limitation, and only 2.9% were in the functional class IV that have an inability to perform any physical activity. The most commonly used medications were sildenafil (79.4%), furosemide (50%), warfarin (41.2%), and spirolactone (26.5%). The most common comorbidity among the patients was systemic arterial hypertension (28.6%), followed by AIDS (14.3%), depression (11.4%), dyslipidemia (8.6%), and diabetes (5.7%). Regarding to smoking, 5.7% are smokers, 25.7% were former smokers and 68.6 never smoked.
Prognostic value of sST2 and NT-proBNP at admission in heart failure with preserved, mid-ranged and reduced ejection fraction
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2018
Anan Huang, Xin Qi, Wenguang Hou, Yanfang Qi, Na Zhao, Keqaing Liu
Baseline characteristics of the study population are presented in Table 1. One hundred and sixty-four patients were recruited and divided into three groups: HFrEF, HFmrEF, HFpEF, according to the 2016 ESC guidelines, respectively. Forty-four patients suffered from HFrEF, compared with 45 patients from HFmrEF. The remaining 75 patients were diagnosed as HFpEF. Sex ratio and medication history of beta blocker, digoxin, spirolactone use showed significant differences among the three groups (p < .05). Patients with HFrEF differed in LVEF, systolic blood pressure and serum sodium levels with the other two groups (p < .05). No significant differences were found on the remaining item (p > 0.05). There were, in total, 44 end points in our study, 17 events of four deaths in the HFrEF group, 12 events of two deaths in the HFmrEF group, and 15 events of one death in the HFpEF group. Both sST2 and NT-proBNP values reached statistical differences among the three groups. The median concentration of sST2 in HFrEF was significantly higher than that of HFpEF (144.00 pg/ml vs. 86.59 pg/ml; p < .05), while the sST2 value in HFmrEF showed no difference with the other two groups (114.44 pg/ml; p>.05). Only the sST2 level in the HFrEF group exceeded that of the healthy subjects. The concentrations of NT-proBNP in the three groups differed significantly except comparison between the HFrEF group and the HFmrEF group (4330.00 pg/ml vs. 1754.00 pg/ml vs. 1054.50 pg/ml) (Figure 1).
Treatment strategies for women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2018
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex disorder characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations and abnormal metabolic syndrome, and the findings from studies on clinical treatments are unable to provide a single unified treatment. When choosing a treatment plan, it is reasonable to choose according to the patient's needs and the basis of his or her disease. Lifestyle adjustment (LSM) should be considered a primary treatment regardless of fertility requirements, without the addition of metformin to treat [18]. For patients with PCOS who wish to remain childless, OCs should be used as a first-line treatment for long-term management [20]. However, the present contraceptive pill is always composed of norethindrone or ethinyloestradiol, which may cause venous thrombosis. The newly discovered dienogest [47] and a new generation of endogenous estrogens, such as 17 – estradiol, estradiol valerate and estetrol [22], are expected to retain OC treatment advantages while reducing the risk of treatment. For patients with reproductive requirements, ovulation therapy is an effective treatment. A new study suggests that letrozole will replace clomiphene as the first line of treatment for ovulation [27]. For refractory ovulation disorders, we can choose the latest ovarian hippocampal signal path block theory [34], leptin theory [59], inositol treatment [60], bilateral ovarian drilling [65], stimulation of ovulation or ART. In patients with insulin resistance or hyperinsulinaemia, a combination treatment with metformin is still the best regimen. At the same time, for patients with different symptoms of PCOS, spirolactone can be selected to improve hair-related symptoms [54], the safe and effective and tolerant neurokinin receptor antagonist can be used to reduce androgen levels [42], and eprotirome can be used to treat excessive androgen and abnormal lipid metabolism [51]. Although the current treatment of PCOS is advancing, the pathogenesis is not completely clear; thus, it cannot be cured. The lifelong management of PCOS currently remains in focus and is subject to further investigation and exploration.