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Antimicrobials during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Spinosad is a topical mixture of pediculicidal tetracyclic macrolides. Spinosad reached non-detectable systemic concentrations of the agent after topical application because it is poorly absorbed through the skin, and is rapidly metabolized and excreted. No human studies are published of spinosad exposure during pregnancy. Animal studies using oral spinosad were negative for teratogenic effects. It is an FDA category B agent.
Vulvar therapies
Published in Miranda A. Farage, Howard I. Maibach, The Vulva, 2017
Natalie Moulton-Levy, Howard I. Maibach
More recently, topical spinosad 0.9% topical suspension has been found to be effective in scabies infection. Spinosad is derived from soil bacteria and has ovicidal activity. Spinosad is indicated for the treatment of head lice infestations in patients aged 6 months and older. Common side effects include skin irritation.
Spinosad topical suspension (0.9%): a new topical treatment for scabies
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Deepani D Fernando, Katja Fischer
Similar to ivermectin, permethrin and most other scabicides ever used, spinosad is thought to act on insect neuro-muscular system [39]. Pharmacokinetics data of spinosad suspension in human skin is unavailable, as the systemic absorption of spinosad was undetectable (<3 ng/ml) following 10 minutes (for head lice) of application of 0.9% or 1.8% spinosad in children and over 12 hours after a single 6 hour application of 0.9% spinosad suspension (for scabies) in 4–16 year olds [39,41,44,45]. Hence, it is indeed likely that the drugs’ systemic absorption is poor. The Benzyl alcohol pharmacokinetics data recorded during the same study revealed that this component was undetectable after 3 hours post treatment in all subjects [45]. The Cmax and Tmax of benzyl alcohol in plasma were 2.7 (±1.1) µg/ml and 1.4 (±1.2) hours respectively [45]. In addition, a phase IV trial is currently underway, focusing on pharmacokinetics and safety data of a 6 hour application in the age group of children aged younger than 4 years, which is scheduled to be completed in 2023 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05310734).
The effects of spinosad on antioxidant system and cognitive performance of mice
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2021
Abdullah Acar, Hasan Akkoc, Meral Erdinc
In the beginning of its introduction, spinosad has been introduced as a new, natural and safe insecticide and its use has increased day by day. Currently, it has been widely used and it has been a preferred insecticide in many products especially in products like cotton, corn, soybeans, and tomato. One of the reasons why it is preferred is that it shows a low toxic effect profile on mammals. In the toxicity studies that are done, LD50 level was found to reach as high as 5000 mg/kg in mice (Thompson et al.2000, Sparks et al.2001). When the related literature is searched, there are more than seven hundred articles in Pubmed about spinosad. However, these are mostly related to the insecticidal activity of spinosad. Some of the few toxicity studies are on the lethal dose of spinosad in mammals. In conclusion, very few studies have examined the effects of spinosad on living beings at doses below the lethal dose. These studies were conducted on bees, fish, mice, rats, and rabbits (Breslin et al.2000, Yano et al.2002, Piner and Uner 2013, 2014, Zidan 2015, Saxena and Kesari 2016, Lopes et al.2018). In a study done on bees, it was found that spinosad caused some behavioural abnormalities (Lopes et al.2018).