Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Solanine (Nightshade Glycoalkaloids)
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Filomena Lelario, Laura Scrano, Sabino Aurelio Bufo, Maryam Bader, Donia Karaman, Ameen Thawabteh, Rafik Karaman
Chemical hydrolysis rates increase with hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration and temperature and decrease with the amount of water in organic solvent-water solutions. The nature of the alcohol present in the media strongly influences the rate and specificity of hydrolysis, permitting optimal formation of specific hydrolysis products. Under conditions of strong acid and high temperatures, solanidine is formed from the hydrolysis of α-chaconine and α-solanine, and then it reacts to form solanthrene [5].
Abies Spectabilis (D. Don) G. Don (Syn. A. Webbiana Lindl.) Family: Coniferae
Published in L.D. Kapoor, Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, 2017
Chemical constituents — Fruit of the plant yields carpesteral and 1.3% glucoalkaloid solanocarpine and solanine-S, which on hydrolysis yields alkaloid solanidine-S. Solanocarpine obtained from the seeds is believed to be identical with solanine-S.852–854 Chopra et al.178 reported the presence of 1% of alkaloid which could form a source material for cortisone and sex hormone preparations.
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Per 100 g, the fruit is reported to contain 93 calories, 74.3 g H2O, 3.7 g protein, 2.3 g fat, 18.1 g total carbohydrate, 9.0 g fiber, 1.6 g ash, 29 mg Ca, 78 mg P, 1.2 mg Fe, 374 mg K, 12,960 μg β-carotene equivalent, 0.22 mg thiamine, 0.36 mg riboflavin, 4.4 mg niacin, and 369 mg ascorbic acid. Per 100 g, the fruit is reported to contain 45 calories, 86.9 g H2O, 2.0 g protein, 0.8 g fat, 9.5 g total carbohydrate, 1.7 g fiber, 0 to 8 g ash, 11 mg Ca, 47 mg P, 0.9 mg Fe, 374 mg K, 4770 μg β-carotene equivalent, 0.09 mg thiamine, 0.12 mg riboflavin, 0.4 mg niacin, and 86 mg ascorbic acid.21 Traces of Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Si, and Ti are also reported. The coloring matter of the ripe fruit includes anther-axanthin, capsanthin, capsorubin, cryptocaprin, cryptoxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, violax-anthin, zeaxanthin, alpha and beta-carotenes.64 Per 100 g, the seed is reported to contain 309 calories, 7.4 g H-,0, 16.1 g protein, 1.8 g fat, 71.3 g total carbohydrate, 35.0 g fiber, 3.4 g ash, 57 mg Ca, 466 mg P, 7.0 mg Fe, 300 μg β-carotene equivalent, 0.64 mg thiamine, 0.29 mg riboflavin, 11.8 mg niacin, and 29 mg ascorbic acid. The fruit contains the very irritant capsaicin at 0.14%. This hot principle is still noticeable at 1:11,000,000. Of the capsaicinoids, circa 48.6% is capsaicin, 36% dihydrocapsaicin, 7.4% nordihydrocapsaicin, 2% homodihydrocapsaicin, 2% homocapsaicin, 1.5% decanoic acid vanillylamide, and 1% nonanoic acid vanillylamide. Purseglove et al. give many more details.64 Plant contains solanidine, solanine, solasodine, and scopoletin. Chlorogenic acid is present in the stem.
Extracts of the Wild Potato Species Solanum chacoense on Breast Cancer Cells: Biochemical Characterization, In Vitro Selective Cytotoxicity and Molecular Effects
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Daniel Cruceriu, Zorita Diaconeasa, Sonia Socaci, Carmen Socaciu, Ovidiu Balacescu, Elena Rakosy-Tican
Four alkaloids specific for the Solanaceae family were identified in high quantities in the leaf extract of S. chacoense, whereas the tuber extract contained none of them (Table 3 and Figure 1 and Supplementary Figure S2). They were both solasodine derivates (solasodines) and solanidine derivates (solanidanes), with the latter being found in higher quantities (Table 3). The solanidanes identified, namely α-solanine and α-chaconine, were glycoalkaloids belonging to the chemical class of saponins.
Protective effects of a chemically characterized extract from solanum torvum leaves on acetaminophen-induced liver injury
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Gabriela R. de Souza, Ana Cecilia A. X. De-Oliveira, Vitor Soares, Thamyris Perez De-Souza, Nancy S. Barbi, Francisco J. R. Paumgartten, Antonio J. R. da Silva
The thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) analysis of the phenolic fraction (STLAE-PF) of S. torvum leaf aqueous extract (STLAE) confirmed that it is rich in phenolic compounds and devoid of saponins and glycoalkaloids including solanine, solanidine, solasodine and other toxic alkaloids found in Solanum spp. A similar TLC analysis of S. paniculatum leaf aqueous extracts also found that they are virtually free of saponins and glycoalkaloids (de Souza et al.2019).
Neuroprotective properties of solanum leaves in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster model of Alzheimer's disease
Published in Biomarkers, 2022
Opeyemi B. Ogunsuyi, Tosin A. Olasehinde, Ganiyu Oboh
Furthermore, it is crucial to note that these observed protective effects of the leaves could be associated with their constituent phytochemicals especially polyphenols and alkaloids as previously reported. (Ogunsuyi et al. 2021b) and shown in supplementary shown in tables S1 and S2, The identified phenolics include, luteolin, catechin derivatives, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and dihydroxycoumarin. Similarly, alpha solanine, alpha solasodine chaconine, solanidine, solamargine, demissine and solasonine were alkaloids. Caffeic acid, luteolin, coumarin, catechin, and chlorogenic acid found in both AE and BN leaves have been found to have antioxidant effects (Rice-Evans et al. 1997, Shahidi and Ambigaipalan 2015). Furthermore, plant alkaloids in particular have been proven to have neurological effects, with many of them possessing anticholinesterase and antimonoamine oxidase properties (Kong et al. 2004, Oboh et al. 2018, Ortiz et al. 2018). Specifically, Bushway et al. (Bushway et al. 1987) observed anticholinesterase activity in two solanaceous glycoalkaloids (-chaconine, -solanine) and two alkaloids (solanidine, and demissidine) isolated in both AE and BN leaves, while Kielczewska et al., (Kiełczewska et al. 2021) recently reported neuroprtoective properties and anticholinesterase effects of solasodine analogues. In addition Huang et al (Huang et al. 2013) reported that caffeic acid ameliorated impairment to BACE-1 in acrolein-induced neurotoxicity in mice, while Arai et al (Arai et al. 2016) and Sul et al., (Sul et al. 2009) reported it exhibited anti-amyloidogenic properties and protected against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 neuronal cell line. Also, Ali et al (Ali et al. 2019) showed that luteolin was able to offer therapeutic potentials against transgenic drosophila model of AD expressing human Aβ42 by combination of antiamyloidogenic, anticholinesterase, antiapoptotic and antioxidant properties. Consequently, these constituent phytochemicals, found in both AE and BN leaves, possibly working independently and/or their interactions could be responsible for the multifactorial neuroprotective properties observed in this study.