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The Beneficial Effect of Omega-3 PUFA and L-Arginine on Endothelial Nitric Oxide (NO) Bioavailability
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Flaxseed, 2023
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
CNglcs are considered natural plant “toxins” that are present in minute quantities in a number of plants, most of which we consume. It is thought that they are part of the plant defenses against insects, microbes and certain other predators. Their toxicity derives from the fact that when digested, they can release minute quantities of cyanide, which, as noted in previous chapters, is harmless to people at low doses. Cyanide can be chemically decomposed in the body to yield NO. In fact, sodium nitroprusside is a NO-based drug that is used for vasodilation in emergency settings to treat acute hypertension. (46)
Deaths Due to Asphyxiant Gases
Published in Sudhir K. Gupta, Forensic Pathology of Asphyxial Deaths, 2022
A safe regimen of 3.5 mg per kg of sodium nitroprusside should be used to the anticipated total dose for the period of hypotension. A dose more than that for required effect may get accumulated to toxic level. The lethal dose of sodium nitroprusside appears to be 7 mg per kg.4
Cardiovascular Drugs during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
A potent vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside (Nipride, Nitropress), is used primarily for hypertensive emergencies. It is also used to induce hypotension during certain types of surgical procedures, especially neurosurgical procedures. No epidemiological studies of congenital anomalies in association with nitroprusside use during pregnancy have been published. Nitroprusside was reported to be associated with cyanide toxicity in animals (Lewis et al., 1977), but this is apparently not a significant risk in the human fetus when recommended human doses are used in the mother (Shoemaker and Meyers, 1984). Nonetheless, it is prudent to avoid use of nitroprusside during pregnancy because of the theoretical accumulation of cyanide in the fetal liver. Chronic use of sodium nitroprusside is logically associated with a much higher risk than acute usage.
Electrophysiological characterization of the activating action of a novel liposomal nitric oxide carrier on Maxi-K channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2021
Irina V. Ivanova, Mariia I. Melnyk, Dariia O. Dryn, Vitalii V. Prokhorov, Alexander V. Zholos, Anatoly I. Soloviev
In clinical practice, nitroglycerine and sodium nitroprusside are widely used as NO donors, which have a pronounced antianginal (anti-ischemic) effect, and in high doses, they are antihypertensive drugs. However, these popular drugs nevertheless have important limitations, such as brief duration of action as well as tolerance that develops during long-term therapy, e.g. due to impaired nitroglycerine bioconversion (Sage et al.2000). The main goal of this study was to develop NO-loaded liposomes aimed at delivering NO to SM cells to ensure their effective relaxation and elimination of unwanted vasospasm. Earlier, we have demonstrated that the liposomal form of NO, Lip(NO), possesses a powerful vasorelaxation activity as a result of increasing the integral potassium conductivity of VSMC (data not published). The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of Lip(NO) on Maxi-K channels of VSMCs as one of the most plausible mechanisms of their relaxation.
Selecting emergency therapy for patients with pre-eclampsia
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2020
Intravenous nitroglycerin is the drug of choice when PE is associated with pulmonary edema and/or coronary artery disease, and hydralazine and nitrates in the presence of hypertension, severe left ventricular dysfunction and/or evidence of congestion in decompensated heart failure [3]. Sodium nitroprusside is recommended in hypertensive crises when other treatments have failed to control the BP and delivery is imminent. However, it should be used for the shortest time possible because of the risk of maternal/fetal cyanide and thiocyanate toxicity, transient fetal bradycardia, and intracranial pressure with potential worsening of cerebral edema in the mother. Because plasma volume is reduced in PE, diuretics should be best avoided and plasma volume expansion minimized, limiting total fluids to 80–85 mL/h (1 mL/kg/h) unless there are other ongoing fluid losses (hemorrhages).
A single exposure to eucalyptus smoke sensitizes rats to the postprandial cardiovascular effects of a high carbohydrate oral load
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2020
Brandi L. Martin, Leslie C. Thompson, Yong Ho Kim, Samantha J. Snow, Mette C. Schladweiler, Pamela Phillips, Molly Harmon, Charly King, Judy Richards, Ingrid George, Najwa Haykal-Coates, M. Ian Gilmour, Urmila P. Kodavanti, Mehdi S. Hazari, Aimen K. Farraj
The baroreceptor reflex is a key mechanism responsible for maintaining BP by causing reflexive decreases in HR when BP rises and increases in HR when BP falls (Shahoud and Aeddula 2019). We have previously shown that exposure to the air pollutant acrolein modifies BRS responses (Hazari et al. 2014). A series of iv phenylephrine (PE) injections at 10, 50, and 100 µg/kg were used to elevate blood pressure (BP). Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at 50, 100, and 150 µg/kg was subsequently administered and used to lower BP. Both drugs were injected in a fixed volume (0.1 ml). Baroreflex gain was calculated as the derivation of heart rate in function of the mean arterial pressure variation (ΔHR/ΔMAP). There was an interval of at least 10 min between the infusions to allow basal values to recover.