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Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Lactic acid is a normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. It may be used in topical drugs, notably with salicylic acid in collodion for the treatment of warts. It is also applied with calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, dextrose monohydrate, sodium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate in replacement solutions in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy to replace plasma volume removed by ultrafiltration. The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid (sodium lactate) is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer. Topical preparations containing (mostly) 12% ammonium lactate are indicated for the treatment of dry, scaly skin (xerosis) and ichthyosis vulgaris and for temporary relief of itching associated with these conditions. Lactic acid is also used to make cultured dairy products, as a food preservative, and to produce other chemicals (1).
Alternatives to Glycerine in Cosmetics
Published in Eric Jungermann, Norman O.V. Sonntag, Glycerine, 2018
Osipow [46] carried out a series of tests on sodium lactate/lactic acid systems and showed moisture loss to be comparable to glycerine in a variety of cosmetic emulsions. Only in antiperspirant creams and lotions was the humectant performance definitely inferior to glycerine. It is assumed this is due to the formation of aluminum lactate. The conclusions reached by the author include the following: Sodium lactate is an effective humectant in cosmetic preparations. It is generally compatible with other cosmetic ingredients and it does not increase the difficulty of preparing stable emulsions.Sodium lactate, in combination with lactic acid, has a further advantage in that it serves as a buffer, as well as a humectant.Sodium lactate is an economical replacement for glycerine and other more conventional humectants.
Anxiolytics: Predicting Response/Maximizing Efficacy
Published in Mark S. Gold, R. Bruce Lydiard, John S. Carman, Advances in Psychopharmacology: Predicting and Improving Treatment Response, 2018
If the patient has a sufficient number of spontaneous, surprising anxiety attacks with instantaneous onset, then the patient has a panic disorder. Further questioning can elucidate what secondary symptomatology might also be present, such as hypochondriasis, social phobia, agoraphobia, or depression. This historical assessment can be backed up by objective laboratory assessment of the response to sodium lactate infusion. The presence of a panic response to lactate confirms the diagnosis of endogenous anxiety, and this information is particularly important if the type of anxiety the patient experiences is difficult to establish from the patient’s history. Lactate infusion testing may also be helpful to differentiate the agitated depressive with panic disorder from the agitated depressive without it; however, more systematic data are needed upon this point. Biologic markers of endogenous anxiety can be expected to play an increasing role in psychiatric differential diagnosis in the coming years.
Lactic acid in macrophage polarization: The significant role in inflammation and cancer
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2022
Hai-cun Zhou, Wen-wen Yu, Xiao-qin Liang, Xiao-yan Du, Zhi-chang Liu, Jian-ping Long, Guang-hui Zhao, Hong-bin Liu
In a study of cardiac inflammation caused by sepsis, it was found that hypertonic sodium lactate could prevent cardiac dysfunction, alleviate mesenteric microcirculation and capillary leakage during sepsis, while reducing cardiac inflammation [122]. Furthermore, in addition to immune regulation, lactic acid stimulated the proliferation of intestinal cells and maintained an intestinal barrier in mice during starvation experiments. Lactic acid reduced the TLR expression and IL-1β-dependent NF-kappaB activation of intestinal epithelial cells [123]. Therefore, targeting lactic acid, its signaling pathways and macrophages polarization may be potential new therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammation. More experimental studies and clinical trials should be conducted to prove this hypothesis.
Intravenous rifampicin use in the management of amanita phalloides toxicity
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2021
Rona Zuker-Herman, Roger Tong, Anselm Wong
A 79 year old man with a past medical history of ischemic heart disease picked up mushrooms from the side of the road, brought them home and cooked them for both himself and his wife. He ate 7–8 mushrooms and 9 h later developed severe generalised abdominal cramps associated with diarrhoea and vomiting. On arrival to a local hospital he was clinically stable with a heart rate of 90, blood pressure129/65 mmHg, temperature 35.6 Celsius. Other vital signs were normal. Blood tests showed an alanine transaminase (ALT) of 130 U/L (n < 40 U/L), gamma glutamyl transferase <3 U/L (n < 40 U/L), bilirubin 18 µmol/L (n 3–20 µmol/L), INR 1, creatinine 106 µmol/L (n 80–110 µmol/L), and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) 58 ml/min (n > 90 ml/min). He had a high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) with a pH 7.25, HCO3 18 mmol/L, an elevated Lactate 3.2 mmol/L. Prior to his arrival at the hospital, he was given 2 litres of intravenous (IV) compound sodium lactate (CSL) by paramedics. Amanita phalloides toxicity was suspected and he was given 50 g activated charcoal, an acetylcysteine infusion and 300 mg IV rifampicin (11 h post mushroom ingestion) prior to transfer to a major tertiary centre. Samples of the mushrooms were confirmed as amanita phalloides by a mycologist and confirmed on microscopy (Figure 1).
Effects of psychosocial and physical stress on lactate and anxiety levels
Published in Stress, 2019
Robin Hermann, Daniel Lay, Patrick Wahl, Walton T. Roth, Katja Petrowski
Sodium lactate infusion is one of the best documented ways to induce anxiety symptoms and panic attacks (Plag et al., 2012). The anxiety symptoms are the same as those induced psychologically by the TSST (Petrowski, Herold, Joraschky, Mück-Weymann, & Siepmann, 2010; Plag et al., 2012; Wichmann, Kirschbaum, Lorenz, & Petrowski, 2017). However, since acute exercise raises blood lactate, it is surprising that some studies have observed concomitant reductions in state anxiety. In meta-analyses of randomized controlled studies, both Ensari, Greenlee, Motl, and Petruzzello (2015) and Petruzzello, Landers, Hatfield, Kubitz, and Salazar (1991) concluded that acute exercise produces a small decrease in anxiety compared to control conditions, although the results of individual studies varied considerably.