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Abies Spectabilis (D. Don) G. Don (Syn. A. Webbiana Lindl.) Family: Coniferae
Published in L.D. Kapoor, Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, 2017
Chemical constituents — Bark contains a bitter crystalline principle identical with berberine, a volatile oil, and some resin. The fruit contains about 1.5% of an essential oil consisting chiefly of 1 -α-phellandrene with small amounts of linalol etc. Leaves yield an essential oil which has carbonyl compound identified as methyl n-nonyl ketone. The ketone-free fraction contained linalyl acetate, sesquiterpene, hydrocarbon, and tricosane. From the stem bark, dictamnine has been isolated.178 The roots yielded the alkaloids dictamnine, γ-fagarine, magnoflorine, skimmianine, xanthoplanine. The stem bark and wood also yield the alkaloid magnoflorine.10,893
Aegle marmelos (Bael) and Annona squamosa (Sugar Apple)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Abhidha Kohli, Taufeeq Ahmad, Sachidanand Singh
It is reported that hydroalcoholic extract of A. marmelos leaves shows an anticancer effect on a mice model of transplanted Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (Jagetia et al., 2005). Ethanolic extract of A. marmelos leaves has shown strong antitumor effect against Dalton's lymphoma ascites-bearing mice (Chockalingam et al., 2012). Chemical derivatives from A. marmelos butyl p-tolyl sulfide, 6-methyl-4-chromanone, and butylated hydroxyanisole as identified by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis have shown inhibitory effect on the growth of several cancer cells, such as human leukemic K562, melanoma Colo38, B-lymphoid Raji, T-lymphoid Jurkat, erythroleukemic HEL, and breast cancer MCF7 and MDAMB-231 cell lines (Lampronti et al., 2003). Skimmianine, an alkaloid derived from the A. marmelos leaf and immature bark of the tree has also shown antitumor activity against A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line (Maity et al., 2009). Toxicity assays like brine shrimp lethality assay, hemolysis assay, sea urchin-egg assay, and MTT assay were conducted on tumor cell lines and A. marmelos extract along with other medicinal plants used in Bangladeshi folk medicine showed toxicity effect (Costa-Lotufo et al., 2005; Yadav and Chanotia, 2009). An in vitro investigation of cytotoxicity of Bangladeshi medicinal plants on breast tumor cell lines reported the cytotoxic effect of A. marmelos extract on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells (Lambertini et al., 2004; Manandhar et al., 2018). A. marmelos extract in combination with decoy, a transcription factor that regulates the human ER-α gene, showed modulatory effect on cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231 ER-α negative breast cancer cell lines (Lambertini et al., 2005; Manandhar et al., 2018).
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Fresh or dried leaves are used sparingly to season such beverages and foods as cheese, meat, vegetable juice, salads, stews, vegetables, and wine. Eaten in Italian salads, where said to preserve the eyesight.2 Ethiopians grind the fruits with capsicum to make a hot sauce.38 They also use the leaves as a rennet38 and with coffee leaves to make a coffee-like beverage. Fresh herbs contain about 0.06% of a volatile oil, for flavoring, as an aromatic in perfumes, in soaps, and toilet preparations. Rue water, sprinkled about the house, was supposed to kill fleas, and still believed to repel insects. Arabs chew the plant and add it to suspect drinking water. Affirmed by the FDA as GRAS (rue § 184.1698; oil or rue § 184.1699), oil of rue is said to be used as a flavor component (e.g., coconut type) in “most” major food products, including alcoholic (bitters, vermouth) and nonalcoholic beverages, baked goods, candy, frozen dairy desserts, gelatin, and pudding. Average maximum use levels are reported below 0.01%. The herb itself shows up in baked goods, candy, frozen dairy desserts, and nonalcoholic beverages. Average maximum use levels are below 0.0002% (2 ppm).29 The rue alkaloid, arborinine, has abortive, antiinflammatory, antihistaminic, and spasmolytic properties. The furocoumarins, bergapten and xanthotoxin, have spasmolytic effects on smooth muscles and have phototoxic properties useful in treating psoriasis. Hi-rudicidal, nematicidal, and vermicidal activity is attributed to 2-undecanone, the major component of rue oil. Fagarine, graveolinine, and skimmianine are weakly abortive and spasmolytic.33 Rutin, first isolated from rue, is best known for its ability to decrease capillary permeability and fragility. It is also said to be a cancer preventitive, i.e., inhibiting tumor formation on mouse skin by the carcinogen benzopyrene, and protective against irradiation damage. Rutin is also useful to counteract edema, atherogenesis, thrombogenesis, inflammation, spasms, hypertension. It was once official in the U.S. for arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, and allergic manifestations. It is suggested that it may be useful for stroke prevention.
Inhibition of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases by different furoquinoline alkaloids
Published in Xenobiotica, 2020
Yixuan Li, Weihua Zhang, Tingting Yin, Ce Wang, Feige Wang, Jing Sun, Lina Liu, Qinghuai Zhang, Chunze Zhang
The inhibition profile of four furoquinoline alkaloids towards UGT isoforms has been determined in the present study. Dictamnine has extensive inhibition effect toward UGTs. We also analyzed the possibility of HDIs caused by the effects of furoquinoline alkaloids on UGTs and calculated the thresholds for inducing HDIs in vivo. Skimmianine is proved to be more suitable for clinical application due to its low possibility of producing HDI. Additionally, subtle alteration of structures of furoquinoline alkaloids significantly alters the inhibition potential towards UGTs, and the hydrophobic interactions mainly contribute to this inhibition difference. All these results provide helpful information for exploring the mechanism of herbal clinical drug interactions and reasonable applications. Given that it was complicated using these in vitro data to extrapolate to in vivo scenarios, more in vivo experiments should be carried out in such studies in the future.
In silico prediction of anticarcinogenic bioactivities of traditional anti-inflammatory plants used by tribal healers in Sathyamangalam wildlife Sanctuary, India
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Pavithra Chinnasamy, Rajendran Arumugam
A CLC-Pred tool designed to predict the cell line toxicity and an active probability of compounds, a well-known tool in cheminformatics and medicinal chemistry to predict the cell line type and tissue to the respecting tumor type. The prediction was performed for all the 23 selected compounds, which cited as most active in the respective plant species (Table 5). The estimation of results presented in a Pa values, which is >0.5 are probably more active with the predicted cancer cell line. From the 20 plants 23 of compounds specifically selected and executed for cytotoxicity activity prediction in different cell lines by employing CLC-Pred tool. Almost all the plants showed aspirated outcome and barely three compounds displayed negative results those compounds are aristolochic acid (Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.), skimmianine (Chloroxylon swietenia DC.) and vitexicarpin (Vitex negundo L). The aristolochic acid CLC-Pred negative result greatly concurs in the result of PASS, but it is rationally used for tumor contradict vitexicarpin showed positive correlation with both PASS prediction and study result (Tables 4 and 5).