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Moringa oleifera (Drumstick)
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Among all parts of moringa, leaves are the most consumed part, which is loaded with vitamins, isothiocyanates, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, carotenoids, tannins, glucosinolates and alkaloids (Leone et al., 2015). Total phenolic content (TPC) is extremely high in leaves contrasted with other plant parts. While gallic acid is a chief phenolic constituent found in moringa leaves, coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid also exist in the leaves (Bajpai et al., 2005; Min Zhang, 2011; Prakash et al., 2007; Singh et al., 2009). Sixteen flavonoids, including flavones and their derivatives, are discovered in dried or fresh leaves (Leone et al., 2015). Flavonoids, for instance, 6,8,3,5-tetra-methoxy apigenin and chrysoeriol 7-orhamnoside and the amyrin terpenes are exclusively established in leaves of Moringa peregrina (Prakash et al., 2007). Moringa leaves consist of glucomoringin, sinalbin, two glucosinolates, together with isomers of benzyl glucosinolate. Moringa leaf extract has niaziminin, marumosides A, vincosamide and marumoside B as chief alkaloids, and lupeol as a mere single sterol. Further metabolites, for instance, benzene derivatives, niaziridin, niazirin, D-allose and niazirinin, are also found in the leaves of moringa. Gamma-sitosterol, nonacosane, octacosane and 1,30-triacontanediol were also established in the leaves with the help of a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry study. Beneficial phytates and oxalates are also found in the moringa leaves. Different studies have documented that greater contents of vitamins such as ascorbic acid, niacin, vitamin A, riboflavin, α-tocopherol and thiamine are established in the fresh moringa leaves. Sitosterol and its derivatives are established in the stem of Moringa peregrina and Moringa oleifera. Procyanidins and cryptochlorogenic acid are the chief bioactive constituents established in the moringa stem (Atawodi et al., 2010; Shinde & Kamble, 2020; Vongsak et al., 2014).
Glucosinolate-Enriched Fractions from Maca (Lepidium meyenii) Exert Myrosinase-Dependent Cytotoxic Effects against HepG2/C3A and HT29 Tumor Cell Lines
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Raquely M. Lenzi, Luciano H. Campestrini, Simone C. Semprebon, Jonas A.R. Paschoal, Monique A.G. Silva, Selma F. Zawadzki-Baggio, Mário S. Mantovani, Carmen L.O. Petkowicz, Juliana B.B. Maurer
In SaF, only one high-intensity peak with Rt 16.0 min was observed on the BPC (peaks 1 and 4 in Figure 2). The MS spectra indicated an [M–H]− ion at m/z 341 (indicative of a disaccharide formed by two hexoses) and an [M–H]− ion at m/z 422. Based on MS (m/z 341) and TLC (following invertase treatment) analyses, peak one was suggested to be sucrose. Additionally, the analysis of SaF under Condition A revealed an HPLC chromatogram (with a peak at Rt 6.5 ± 0.1 min) with an increased absorption at 233 nm and an MS/MS spectrum with ions at m/z 422.0241 and m/z 358.6208 (formed by the neutral loss of CH3SOH) (data not shown). This indicated the presence of GIB, a 3-methyl-sulfinylpropyl glucosinolate, in the mustard fraction. The peak at Rt = 16.0 min represented the following two co-eluted compounds: sucrose (peak 1) and GIB (peak 4). Previous studies have reported that each species of mustard seed has a different GL profile with SIN or sinalbin (SIB) being the representative GL types (36).