China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and NO from Flax Intervention in Atherosclerosis and Chronic Systemic Inflammation
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Flaxseed, 2023
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
Plasma glucose was found to be significantly lower in the 600 mg SDG group at weeks six and eight, especially in the participants with baseline glucose concentrations ≥ 5.83 mmol/l (lowered 25.56% and 24.96%) compared to placebo, respectively. Plasma concentrations of secoisolariciresinol (SECO), enterodiol (ED) and enterolactone were all significantly raised in the groups supplemented with flaxseed lignan. The observed cholesterol-lowering values were correlated with the concentrations of plasma SECO and ED. The investigators concluded that dietary flaxseed lignan extract decreased plasma cholesterol and glucose concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. (25)
Formulated Natural Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: A Key To Restoring Women’s Health
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Plant- and Marine-Based Phytochemicals for Human Health, 2018
A. Anita Margret, S. Aishwarya, J. Theboral
Lignans are estrogen-like chemicals and also act as antioxidants. They are compounds that form the building blocks of plant cell walls and phytoestrogens assist the regulation of body’s estrogen production. When estrogen levels are too high, the lignans attach to the ERs, reducing the activity of body’s natural estrogen hormones and blocking their effect in certain tissues. Research has shown that lignan phytoestrogens prevent some forms of cancer17, 23, 73 by blocking estrogenic activity. The term lignan is used for a diverse class of phenylpropanoid dimers and oligomers. Secoisolariciresinol (SECO) and matairesinol-5 are two lignan dimers that are not estrogenic by themselves, but are readily converted to the mammalian lignans, enterodiol, and enterolactone, respectively, which are estrogenic.31, 80 The conversion occurs by gut microflora and the mammalian lignans are readily absorbed. The content of phytolignans is measurable in various body fluids such as urine, feces, and plasma.
Healing the Heart with Whole Foods and Food Bioactives
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2015
Select whole foods provide the essential fatty acids include nuts, seeds, nut and seed oils, leafy greens, algae and fish oils. Foods high in naturally occurring omega-6 PUFAs such as nuts, and in particular, walnuts, have been shown to be cardioprotective.169,170 The different components of flaxseed, such as the a-linolenic acid-rich oil and the lignans, may each have cardioprotective effects. Fukumitsu et al.171 found that 100 mg of the flaxseed lignan (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside) was effective at reducing blood cholesterol and hepatic enzymes in moderately hyper-cholesterolemic men. Both flaxseed oil and fish oil supplementation have been shown to increase longer chain omega-3 fatty acids in red blood cell membranes,172 and flaxseed oil incorporation into the diet at 8 g/day for 12 weeks resulted in reduced blood pressure in dyslipidemic subjects compared to a high linoleic acid diet.173 Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may be useful for primary prevention of CVD167; however, a recent large meta-analysis174 indicated that there was no demonstrable effect for secondary prevention, a finding which is quite opposed to conclusions from previous studies.167
Flaxseed extract reduces tissue accumulation and enhances urinary excretion of chondroitin sulphate in the rat: a possible new path in substrate reduction therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Sabir Es-said, Karima Lafhal, Abdelaati Elkhiat, Miloud Hammoud, Noureddine Regbaoui, Aicha Ezoubeiri, Rachida Makbal, Safia Sbyea, Omar Elhiba, Souad Sellami, Hanane Rais, Abdallah Karim, Halima Gamrani, Noureddine Rada, Mohammed Bouskraoui, Naima Fdil
Flaxseed is considered as one of the plants that produces mammalian lignans precursors (9–30 mg/g of defatted meal) (Muir et al. 1997). It is a particularly rich source of lignans called secoisolariciresinol glycoside (SDG) and secoisolariciresinol (SECO), the aglycone (non-sugar) portion of SDG. SDG is a plant lignan that is converted by bacteria in the colon of humans (and other animal also) to mammalian lignans known as enterodiol and enterolactone (Figure 8) (Muir et al. 1997). Taking into account these data as well as the encouraging results obtained in MPS III patients treated with genistein; we have undertaken the evaluation of the pharmacological effects of total FS extract in the case of subacute chondroitin sulphate overload in rats. We started by evaluating both the overall chemical composition of the FS and its phenolic and secondary metabolites content, and the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract. Phytochemical analysis performed on our extract revealed that the plant is rich in secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, saponins, quinones, leuco-anthocyanin, steroids, and terpenes. These results are similar to those obtained by the phytochemical study carried out by Beroual et al. (2017).
Gnetum montanum extract induces apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of AKT in SW480 human colon cancer cells
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Xianglong Pan, Xiaotao Hou, Fan Zhang, Peiling Tang, Wanruo Wan, Zixia Su, Yeguo Yang, Wei Wei, Zhengcai Du, Jiagang Deng, Erwei Hao
In the present study, MTS assay, colony-forming assay, migration assay, synergistic anticancer, flow cytometry analysis, western blotting, and xenograft assay were used to investigate the effects of GME on SW480 cells. Through this study, GME was proven to display significant proliferation inhibitory effect and does not exert cytotoxic effect on the NCM460 normal human colonic epithelial cells. In the LC-QTOF-MS/MS profiling analysis of GME, a total of 42 compounds were identified. Among the compounds, only resveratrol (Yuan et al. 2019), secoisolariciresinol (Bowers et al. 2019), isorhapontigenin (Subedi et al. 2019), and gnetol (Shin et al. 2018) were reported to exhibit significant antitumor effect in the previous study. Up to recently, the pharmacological action of most of the compounds in the GME is still underexplored.
Role of the microbiota in circadian rhythms of the host
Published in Chronobiology International, 2020
Plant-derived fiber and polyphenols are the major components to resist intestinal digestion and reach the large intestine where they regulate the gut microbiome. Microbes manage to transform some polyphenols to metabolites that could induce circadian entrainment (Parkar et al. 2019). One of those is secoisolariciresinol (SECO), which is contained in, for example, flaxseed. SECO reaches the large intestine where it is metabolized to enterolactone by some Firmicutes. Enterolactone was shown to increase the expression of Clock and decrease that of Per3 in the murine uterus with a single dose of 10mg/kg body weight. Though, such high concentrations are not achievable by flaxseed gavage. If direct administration of SECO and subsequent microbial metabolization is sufficient remains to be elucidated as well (Clavel et al. 2005; Parkar et al. 2019). Not only microbiota-derived bioactive polyphenolic metabolites but also diet-derived polyphenols themselves influence host circadian rhythms in peripheral tissues. For example, resveratrol is an activator of SIRT1, and proanthocyanidins regulate Bmal1 and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Beyond that, SIRT1 also regulates RORs and influences NAD+ levels, (Ribas-Latre and Eckel-Mahan 2016). Diet-derived polyphenols can also cause a modulation in the growth of some commensals that generate bioactive SCFAs or polyphenolic metabolites (Parkar et al. 2019).