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Africa
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Herbal Drug Discovery Against Inflammation: From Traditional Wisdom to Modern Therapeutics
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Shalini Dixit, Karuna Shanker, Madhumita Srivastava, Priyanka Maurya, Nupur Srivastava, Jyotshna, Dnyaneshwar U. Bawankule
The isolation of salicin derivatives from the twigs of Salix glandulosa Seemen (Figure 3.9) is reported for their NO inhibitory efficacy in lipo-polysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglial cell (BV-2). The results show that salicin derivatives from Salix glandulosa might have potent effect as anti-neuroinflammatory agents (Kim et al., 2015). Salicin derivatives (1–14) where A, B, C, D are H, Ac, benzoyl, etc., groups.
Plant Diversity and Ethnobotanical Perspective of Odisha
Published in Jayanta Kumar Patra, Gitishree Das, Sanjeet Kumar, Hrudayanath Thatoi, Ethnopharmacology and Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Saswati Dash, Ichhamati Pradhan, Suraja Kumar Nayak, Bighneswar Baliyarsingh
Since antiquity, human beings have used remedies from nature to improve their health or to cure illnesses. Increase in consciousness on herbal formulations all over the world has particularly doubled the consumption in the west. Literature shows approx. 20–25% of drugs mentioned in different pharmacopeia are from natural sources, employed in treatment of diseases directly, without modifications, e.g., vincristine from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don and silymarin from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., or with minor chemical alternation, e.g., aspirin, isolated from Salix spp. (Newman et al., 2000). Even in India various studies had emphasized potential of plants in treating various diseases like diabetes (Khurnbongmayum et al., 2005), dysentery and diarrhea (Das and Choudhury, 2012), skin disease (Maruthi et al., 2000), jaundice (Bhatt et al., 2001), reproductive disorders (Bhogaonkar and Kadam, 2006), rheumatoid arthritis (Ramarao Naidu et al., 2008), snake bite (Reddy et al., 1997), antidotes (Thangadurai, 1998) sexually transmitted diseases and urinary complaints, malaria and dental disorder.
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Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Anti-Inflammatory DrugsSalix alba, the white willow, the source of salicylic acid was a folk remedy for fever and rheumatism for centuries. Its anti-inflammatory properties were demonstrated by Franz Striker of Germany in 1875. Acetanilide followed in 1875 and phenacetin was introduced in 1886. Use of salicylates in acute rheumatism was shown by Peter W. Latham, who wrote On the Administration of Salicylates in Acute Rheumatism in 1895. Phenylbutazone was introduced for rheumatoid arthritis by J.P Currie, R.A.Brown and G.Will in 1953.The mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of aspirin and similar drugs through inhibition of prostaglandin formation was demonstrated by J.R.Vane and co-workers in 1970.
Himalayan poisonous plants for traditional healings and protection from viral attack: a comprehensive review
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Shriya Pathania, Diksha Pathania, Priyanka Chauhan, Mamta Sharma
Edible vaccines are also one of the important topics for plants for the treatment of ailments. Here, the edible vaccine is created by the introduction of desired genes into a selected plant to produce encoded proteins. Edible vaccines are used to cure numerous diseases which include measles, cholera, hepatitis B, C, and E, foot and mouth diseases (Gidding et al., 2000). Plants that are used for the production of edible vaccines are known as "Candidate plants". The most used candidate plants are Tobacco, potato, rice/maize, and tomato. This is a cheaper way to traditional vaccines. Salicylic acid, an active ingredient of aspirin is found in several plants which include Salix. Taxus brevifolia, contains toxic ingredients which can be used at the cellular level to inhibit the growth of cancers. Small doses of Opium, mandrake, henbane, hemlock is used to relieve the pain of surgery (Takouri 2010). Figure S3 shows the toxicological effects of plant toxins.
Guanylyl cyclase 2C (GUCY2C) in gastrointestinal cancers: recent innovations and therapeutic potential
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2021
Ariana A. Entezari, Adam E. Snook, Scott A. Waldman
Plecanatide (Salix Pharmaceuticals), another GUCY2C agonist, is structurally similar to uroguanylin, only differing by a replacement of aspartic acid with glutamic acid at the 3-position at the N-terminus, producing greater binding affinity [70]. In a mouse model of colorectal tumorigenesis, plecanatide reduced colon dysplasia by decreasing proliferation through inhibition of APC/β-catenin signaling [71]. Furthermore, a second uroguanylin analog, dolcanatide, may hold promise as a GUCY2C agonist for chemoprevention [72]. Indeed, dolcanatide is being examined in a phase I clinical trial to test its safety for colorectal cancer prevention in healthy volunteers (NCT03300570). Together, these studies highlight an emerging strategy using GUCY2C ligand replacement as an innovative method of colorectal cancer chemoprevention.
Ocular nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs: where do we stand today?
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
S. A. Kandarakis, P. Petrou, E. Papakonstantinou, D. Spiropoulos, A. Rapanou, I. Georgalas
Targeting inflammation and treating its consequences dates approximately 2500 years ago, when the Greek physician Hippocrates introduced the use of an extract from willow bark and leaves, to treat fever and pain (400 BC). Since then, various nations, including early Chinese, Indian and Africans, have used these salicylate-containing plants (Salix alba and other members of the Salix species) for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. However, it was in the mid-late nineteenth century that the progress in the scientific fields of chemistry and pharmacology made possible the isolation of the active component of these plants, salicylate. Few years later, in 1899, acetylsalicyclic acid (aspirin), the more palatable form of salicyclic acid, was introduced and successfully commercialised by Bayer3.