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Plant-Based Phytochemicals in the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
The research data from many articles show that the plant-based metabolites have a positive effect on colon cancer by suppressing inflammation, suppressing angiogenesis and proliferation, and suppressing oxidative stress, among other things. In addition, plant-based metabolites may have a potentiating effect on chemotherapeutic drugs, such as, in the case of gallic acid and cisplatin in lung cancer. The effects of polyethylene-coated, iron magnetite nanoparticles loaded with gallic acid showed better results than free gallic acid, which allowed for a decreased number of viable colon cancer cells. Rosa canina was found to exhibit selective cytotoxic effects by neutralizing free radicals allowing healthy cells to not be affected while causing apoptosis in cancerous cells.
Green Metal-Based Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Medicinal Plants and Plant Phytochemicals against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Published in Richard L. K. Glover, Daniel Nyanganyura, Rofhiwa Bridget Mulaudzi, Maluta Steven Mufamadi, Green Synthesis in Nanomedicine and Human Health, 2021
Abeer Ahmed Qaed Ahmed, Lin Xiao, Tracey Jill Morton McKay, Guang Yang
In addition to the above-mentioned studies, many reports evaluated the antimicrobial potential of medicinal plants as well as its purified phytochemicals against MRSA such as Rosa canina L. (rose red), Cinnamomum iners, Camellia sinensis, Juglans regia, Psoralea corylifolia, Abrus schimperi, Atuna racemose, Tectona grandis, and Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) among others (Shiota et al., 2000; Neamatallah et al., 2005; Buenz et al., 2007; Mustaffa et al., 2011; Rahman et al., 2011; de Oliveira et al., 2013; Farooqui et al., 2015; Cui et al,. 2015).
An Overview of Important Endemic Plants and Their Products in Iran
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Rosa canina (Figure 7.12) is a deciduous bushy tree growing up to 3 m at a fast rate. The flowers are hermaphrodite. The plant is self-fertile. It is suitable to grow in light (sandy), medium (loamy), and heavy (clay) soils; prefers well-drained soil; and can grow in heavy clay soil. It is suitable to grow in the soil with acid, neutral, and basic (alkaline) pH. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist or wet soil. The petals, hips, and galls are astringent, carminative, diuretic, laxative, ophthalmic, and tonic. The hips are taken internally in the treatment of colds, influenza, minor infectious diseases, scurvy, diarrhea, and gastritis. A syrup made from the hips is used as a pleasant flavoring in medicines and is added to cough mixtures. A distilled water made from the plant is slightly astringent and is used as a lotion for delicate skins. The seeds have been used as a vermifuge. The fruit of many members of this genus is a very rich source of vitamins and minerals, especially in vitamins A, C, and E, flavonoids, and other bioactive compounds. It is also a fairly good source of essential fatty acids, which is unusual for a fruit. It is being investigated as a food that can reduce the incidence of cancer and also as a means of halting or reversing the growth of cancers (Zargari, 2014; Mozaffarian, 2011; Plant for a Future; Wenzig et al., 2008).
A novel non-invasive strategy for low-level laser-induced cancer therapy by using new Ag/ZnO and Nd/ZnO functionalized reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Saeed Jafarirad, Ebrahim Hammami Torghabe, Seyed Hosseyn Rasta, Roya Salehi
The fruit of Rosa canina L. (rosehip) has high amount of vitamin C. Additionally, rosehip has a great level of antioxidants like flavonoids and phenolic compounds may be used to green synthesis of Nd- and Ag-ZnO/rGO [31]. Based on our knowledge there was no report on synthesis of these NCs by green method in which on the one hand, toxicity decreases and, on the other hand, low-level laser therapy efficiency increases. Therefore, these ternary hybrid nanocomposites of Ag-ZnO/rGO and Nd-ZnO/rGO are novel in respect of their fabrication method and applications in nano-biomedicne. In this research, new rGO-based doped nanocomposites with different doped ratios like ZnO/rGO (8% and 20%), Nd(9%)-ZnO/rGO, Ag(0.15%)-ZnO/rGO were synthesized using the rosehip extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The physicochemical characterization of the as-synthesized NCs was studied by current characterization techniques such as UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, EDX, DLS, FTIR and antiradical assays. To further evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of novel developed rGO-based NCs, their antitumor ability was evaluated on MCF7 breast cancer by low level laser therapy.
Rosa canina Extract has Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects on Human Lung and Prostate Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Kagan Kilinc, Selim Demir, Ibrahim Turan, Ahmet Mentese, Asim Orem, Mehmet Sonmez, Yuksel Aliyazicioglu
The genus Rosa contains more than 100 species, belongs to the family Rosaceae, and is widely spread over Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and North America (9). Approximately 25% of all rose species are reported to grow in Turkey, particularly in Gumushane and neighboring cities (10). Rosa species are traditionally used for the treatment of colds, asthma, hemorrhoids, infections, chronic pains, arthritis, and inflammatory diseases (10, 11). Rosa canina fruits are rich in vitamin C, minerals, carotenoids, tocopherols, flavonoids, fruit acids, tannins, pectin, sugars, organic acids, amino acids, and essential oils (9). They exhibit numerous biological activities, such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antiobesity, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antiaging, antimicrobial, and antiulcerogenic properties due to the presence of the compounds listed above (10, 12). Several studies have reported the cytotoxic effects of various extracts of different Rosa species. Zamiri-Akhlaghi et al. demonstrated that ethanolic extract of Rosa damascena exhibits a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on human cervix cancer (HeLa) cells (13). Olsson et al. demonstrated that ethanolic extract of rose-hip has a cytotoxic effect on human colon (HT-29) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells (14), while Fujii et al. reported that ethanolic extract of R. canina exhibits a cytotoxic effect on mouse melanoma cells by inhibiting tyrosinase activity (15). Jimenez et al. recently demonstrated that R. canina extracts exhibit antiproliferative effects on human colon cancer (Caco-2) cells by increasing the number of apoptotic cells and cell cycle arrest at the S phase (16). To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has investigated the cytotoxic effect of R. canina on human prostate (PC-3) and lung (A549) cancer cells. We therefore investigated the antioxidant activity, chemical characterization, and antiproliferative effect of R. canina extract, together with the mechanisms involved, focusing on apoptosis, the cell cycle, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the caspase activity in PC-3 and A549 cells.
The Protective Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Rosa canina (Dog Rose) Fruit on Liver Function and Structure in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2018
Mohsen Taghizadeh, Ali Akbar Rashidi, Ali Akbar Taherian, Zarichehr Vakili, Mehdi Mehran
The common diabetic treatments include administration of insulin or insulin secretion–stimulating drugs, accompanied by exercise and diet, depending on the diabetes type. It is notable that prior investigations have reported a high prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among patients with diabetes. However, most of these CAM modalities have not enough scientific evidence (Hashempur et al., 2015). Herbal products are gaining popularity in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The major advantages of herbal medications seem to be their efficacy, low incidence of side effects, and in some cases, low cost. Herbal products seem to be useful in managing a variety of diseases such as diabetes mellitus via producing secondary metabolites such as proteins, alkaloids, steroids, and phenolic compounds (flavonoids) (Mobin et al., 2015). Rosa canina L. fruit, or rose hip, is a U-shaped receptacle containing numerous achenes that have been used for their diuretic, laxative, anti-gout, anti-rheumatism properties in traditional medicine (Montazeri et al., 2011). Rose hip contains active components such as phenolic acids, proanthocyanidins, polyphenols, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, minerals, galactolipids, carotenoids, and vitamin C (Changizi Ashtiyani et al., 2013; Chrubasik et al., 2008; Lattanzio et al., 2011). Polyphenols such as flavonoids and tannins have health-beneficial properties including free radical scavenging, inhibition of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes, and anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic actions (Deliorman Orhan et al., 2007; Patel et al., 2012; Taghizadeh et al., 2015). In addition, it is interesting that Rosa canina is a popular herb in traditional medicine systems. For example, its decoction and infusion have been used as medicinal preparations (Chrubasik et al., 2008). It was described in the Canon of Medicine by Avicenna (980–1037 AD) (Heyadri et al., 2015) and the Storehouse of Medicaments of Aghili Shirazi (written in 1772 AD) as an herbal remedy for several diseases, including headache, gastrointestinal diseases, and hepatic disorders (Hashempur et al., 2015). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Rosa canina fruit on liver function and structure in STZ-induced diabetes in rats.