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Fluorescence in Histochemical Reactions
Published in Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina, Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations, 2020
Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina
The positive medicinal role of catecholamines in food for humans focuses on several physical and mental disorders: for example, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, glaucoma, Huntington’s disease, epilepsy, arrhythmias, and so on. The possible application of phytopreparations rich in the compounds has potential for officinal and alternative medicine. Dopamine’s functions are not limited to the central nervous system. Dopamine is a coregulator of the immune system (Atkinson et al. 2015), tissues, and organs (Zhang et al. 2012). Disturbances in the dopaminergic system cause many health problems, including high blood pressure, mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia), and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Parkinson’s disease). The hypothesis of Nalbandyan (1986) showed the possible ability of catecholamines to bind copper-containing proteins of the brain, in particular neurocuprein, known as a vasoactive compound. In this case, through redox reactions, it may induce neurodisorders such as schizophrenia.
Role of Ascorbate and Dehydroascorbic Acid in Metabolic Integration of the Cell
Published in Qi Chen, Margreet C.M. Vissers, Vitamin C, 2020
Gábor Bánhegyi, András Szarka, József Mandl
Ascorbate is a characteristic component in redox homeostasis. This special role is connected to its participation in redox reactions transferring one or two electrons, as well and its ability to regulate oxidoreductions around different iron (Fe) (and copper [Cu]) ions. These redox reactions are connected directly or indirectly to oxygen supply, underlying its essential biological role.
Possible Participation of Acetylcholine in Free-Radical Processes (Redox Reactions) in Living Cells
Published in Akula Ramakrishna, Victoria V. Roshchina, Neurotransmitters in Plants, 2018
In the plasma membrane and cellular cytoplasm, redox reactions occur constantly (Pollak et al., 2007). In redox reactions (also known as oxidation-reduction reactions), one or more chemicals are oxidized (a process in which a molecule loses an electrons) while one or more chemicals are reduced (a process in which a molecule gains an electron).
Passive heat stress induces mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Erik D. Marchant, W. Bradley Nelson, Robert D. Hyldahl, Jayson R. Gifford, Chad R. Hancock
Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which the majority of ATP is produced in muscle cells. This process involves a series of redox reactions which result in electrons being transferred through protein complexes (referred to as complexes I-IV), ultimately reacting with molecular oxygen. These redox reactions are coupled with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) out of the matrix, resulting in an increase in membrane potential. Protons then flow down a gradient and drive the production of ATP, catalyzed by ATP synthase. In response to changes in energy demand, like muscle disuse or endurance exercise training, skeletal muscle is able to increase or decrease its capacity to perform oxidative phosphorylation via changes in the density of mitochondrial enzymes in existing mitochondria and/or alteration of mitochondrial volume [3,7].
Magnetic fields and apoptosis: a possible mechanism
Published in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2022
The spin state plays a pivotal role in all the redox reactions that are at the core of our metabolic machinery. Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another. These kinds of reactions are so important that our life depends on them. The synthesis of many complex molecules often requires the oxidation of their precursors, via the use of molecular oxygen. The reason why oxygen is so important in biology is its atomic structure, characterized by the presence of two uncoupled electron spins despite its even atomic number. According to Pauli’s principle, a fundamental principle in quantum physics, oxygen can be considered as an “electron lover,” due to the need of additional electrons to match the coupled spins, in search for stability, thus finally acting as an oxidant. The utilization of molecular oxygen is vital in many biological pathways and the ability of aerobic organisms to harness the power of molecular oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor in their respiratory cycles has revolutionized the evolution of life (Falkowski and Godfrey 2008). The presence of two uncoupled electrons in the oxygen atomic structure makes oxygen a di-radical, since when an electron is uncoupled we are usually dealing with an uncoupled spin or free radical.
Multidimensional Studies of Pancratium parvum Dalzell Against Acetylcholinesterase: A Potential Enzyme for Alzheimer’s Management
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020
Devashree N. Patil, Shrirang R. Yadav, Sushama Patil, Vishwas A. Bapat, Jyoti P. Jadhav
Remarkable extent of oxidative damage has been observed in AD patients. Oxidative stress edged by a heterogenicity of free radicals and molecules originated from molecular oxygen (52). Free radical generation and oxidative stress catalyzed by redox metals have been revealed to show a crucial role in regulating redox reactions. These redox metals act as a significant offender in neurodegeneration (53). Dietary modulation through herbal extracts can minimize oxidative damage. The scavenging ability of sequentially increasing conc of P. parvum bulb extract on the DPPH free radical was compared with standard ascorbic acid. There was an increase in scavenging activity in a conc dependent manner. Water extract showed 12.67 ± 1.06% scavenging ability at 100 µg but standard antioxidant ascorbic acid showed 15.67 ± 0.39% RSA at 20 µg. Similarly, by increasing the conc at 500 µg it possesses 58.13 ± 0.31% activity in comparison with ascorbic acid having 77.86 ± 0.64% activity at 100 µg conc. Activity was lower in comparison with standard antioxidant ascorbic acid (Figure 5).