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Pristinamycin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Clinical indications include skin and soft tissue infections, erysipelas, skin abscess, acute maxillary sinusitis, exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia of mild to moderate severity, and infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria. Pristinamycin is an antibiotic used primarily in the treatment of staphylococcal infections (Leclercq et al., 2003), and to a lesser extent streptococcal infections.
Streptogramins for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Sophie Reissier, Vincent Cattoir
Pristinamycin is mainly used in France until now to treat sinusitis, bronchopulmonary, and skin infections due to streptococci or staphylococci. This antibiotic is easy to use because of its noninvasive route of administration, oral or topical. In addition, pristinamycin is well tolerated with few side effects; it also has few interactions with other drugs and is inexpensive. Currently, pristinamycin is recommended to treat sinusitis, bronchopulmonary infections, and skin infections due to streptococci or staphylococci. M. genitalium is an important sexually transmitted pathogen responsible for both male and female genital tract disease. Recently, the interest of pristinamycin in the treatment of infections due to this pathogen have been demonstrated and European guidelines recommend to use pristinamycin as a third-line treatment after azithromycin and moxifloxacin treatment failure for M. genitalium infections. Moreover, this antibiotic has been described to be a good alternative to treat infections due to resistant Gram-positive bacteria in patients with cancer in an Australian study.
A profile of the FDA-approved and CE/IVD-marked Aptima Mycoplasma genitalium assay (Hologic) and key priorities in the management of M. genitalium infections
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2020
Elena Shipitsyna, Magnus Unemo
Regarding management of MG infections, it is essential to follow up-to-date evidence-based national [8] and/or international guidelines [2], for diagnostics, treatment and follow-up of MG-positive patients. Test of cure (TOC) for all MG-positive patients should be performed >3–5 weeks after treatment [2,8]. Nevertheless, ideal time for TOC for MG infections in different anatomical sites and using different MG-diagnostic NAATs remains unknown and additional studies would be valuable. For macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-resistant MG cases, the streptogramin pristinamycin is the main third-line treatment recommended in Europe [2]. Pristinamycin is well-tolerated; however, it is not available or licensed in most countries internationally and it does not cure all cases as neither second- nor third-line treatment [69,70]. Currently, macrolide resistance-guided sequential therapy starting with doxycycline (presumptive therapy, and ideally first-line therapy for both non-gonococcal urethritis and CT infections) and macrolide-resistance testing followed by azithromycin (macrolide-susceptible infections) or moxifloxacin/sitafloxacin (macrolide-resistant infections) appears to give high cure rates [71,72]. Nevertheless, large-randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) to thoroughly evaluate and optimize the efficacy and tolerability of different algorithms and dosing regimens for treatment of MG infections are urgently needed. In these RCTs, ideally AMR emergence in also etiological agents of other STIs, e.g. gonorrhea, and bystander organisms should be studied, i.e. applying a more holistic view of the treatment of STIs.
Preparation and evaluation in vitro and in vivo of pristinamycin enteric-coated granules based on albumin nanoparticles
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Wanxin Shan, Fang Peng, Qi Shen, Jun Zhang
In the era of multidrug-resistant bacteria, the challenge of treating Gram-positive infections is increasing. The long-term use of antibiotic therapy is risky, inconvenient, and has reduced efficacy [1]. Owing to the lack of innovation in the development of new antibiotics, it is necessary to explore the reintroduction of existing medicines. Pristinamycin is a streptomycin antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of Gram-positive infections [2]. Owing to the rising prevalence of drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogen infections, there has been renewed interest in improving the efficacy of pristinamycin for these infections [3,4].