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Immunosuppressants, rheumatic and gastrointestinal topics
Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara
Neuroleptics that are used in children are: chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, thioridazine, cyamemazine, propericiazine, haloperidol, pimozide, and pipamperone. They block dopamine receptors. There is no specific correlation between their clinical efficacy, plasma levels and dosage; however, there is a correlation between plasma levels and side effects [33,34].
Venous thromboembolism during treatment with antipsychotics: Results of a drug surveillance programme
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2018
Martin Letmaier, Renate Grohmann, Christiana Kren, Sermin Toto, Stefan Bleich, Rolf Engel, Thomas Gary, Konstantinos Papageorgiou, Anastasios Konstantinidis, Anna Katharina Holl, Annamaria Painold, Siegfried Kasper
From all chemical classes, the group of butyrophenones showed the highest occurrence rate for VTE (48 per 100,000 monitored inpatients with APs), due exclusively to pipamperone and haloperidol, which had VTE rates above the average of all drugs imputed for VTE (see Figure 2). In detail, patients who were treated with pipamperone developed VTE in 61 per 100,000 followed by haloperidol in 53 per 100,000. The second highest occurrence rate for VTE was seen in the heterogeneous group of atypical APs with a rate of 36 per 100,000. Risperidone (55 per 100,000) and clozapine (48 per 100,000) were imputed about as often as haloperidol and pipamperone. Quetiapine was involved in 17 per 100,000 patients. In three cases quetiapine was imputed alone. Aripiprazole, ziprasidone or zotepine were not associated with VTE. Phenothiazines and thioxanthenes as drug classes, including levomepromazine (42 per 100,000), prothipendyl (46 per 100,000) or zuclopenthixol (42 per 100,000) showed a rate of 32 per 100,000 and 23 per 100,000, respectively. Zuclopenthixol, however, had a relatively low administration rate (n = 9486) resulting in a wide CI (95% CI, 0.011–0.11). Fluphenazine was not associated with VTE (for a better overview see Figure 2 and Table 2).
Making sleep easier: pharmacological interventions for insomnia
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2018
Lukas Frase, Christoph Nissen, Dieter Riemann, Kai Spiegelhalder
Antihistamines (especially diphenhydramine) and most sedating antidepressants or antipsychotics are considered inappropriate for use in elderly patients due to their anticholinergic properties, which may result in or worsen mental confusion, urinary retention, and constipation [75]. One exception might be doxepin in doses from 3 to 6 mg per day, which improved sleep maintenance in patients of 65 years or older in a recent review without serious adverse effects [79]. Melperone and pipamperone are widely used to facilitate sleep in elderly patients, mostly due to their sedating, but not anticholinergic propensities. Sufficient evidence on their efficacy and safety when used to treat ID is lacking, though.
Antipsychotic treatment of community-dwelling and institutionalised patients with dementia in Germany
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2018
Philipp Hessmann, Richard Dodel, Erika Baum, Matthias J. Müller, Greta Paschke, Bernhard Kis, Jan Zeidler, Mike Klora, Jens-Peter Reese, Monika Balzer-Geldsetzer
Most people receiving antipsychotics were living in nursing homes. Totally, 45.5% (n = 56) of the nursing home patients were treated with antipsychotics compared to only 15.1% (n = 41) of the community-dwelling participants (Table 1). Figure 1 shows the prescription rate of the six most often used antipsychotics with regard to the patients’ living situation. Thereof, quetiapine, risperidone, tiapride and melperone were more frequently prescribed in nursing home inhabitants. However, the prescription of pipamperone was similar in both groups and amisulpride was more often used by community-dwelling participants.