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Recent In-Depth Insights of Nature-Based Anti-Worm Therapeutic Medications: Emerging Herbal Anthelmintics
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Ankita Soni, Paras Kothari, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
The leaves are rich in essential oil and mineral matters, particularly in potash salts. Albuminoids, vitamin C, and nitrogen are also present. The composition includes 89.6 protein, 3.7 fat, 0.4 fiber, 0.8 carbohydrates, 2.9 minerals, 2.6 calcium, 150 phosphorous, 80 iron, 4.2 thiamine, 0.01 riboflavin, 0.14 niacin, 0.6 vitamin C, 24.0 zinc, 0.98 iodine, 6.3 fluorine, and 250 ppm vitamin K. Betalain alkaloids, phenolic acids are present in fruits, betain, and oxalic acid are found in leaves, furanocoumarins and saponins are situated in the seeds, and oleanolic acid and sitosterol are found in flowers.17–18 The hydrodistillation of leaves yield 0.64% v/w essential oil with abundant constituents such as p-cymene (40.9%), ascari-dole (15.5%), pinane-2-ol (9.9%), α-pinene (7.0%), β-pinene (6.2%), and α-terpinol (6.2%).19 A new phenolic glycoside, chenoalbuside has been isolated from the methanol extract of the seeds.20 The hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves led to the isolation of seven imperative lignans (pinoresinol, syringaresinol, lariciresinol with its derivative compound and three sesquilignans).21 Kaempferol, quercetin, and their glycosides have been isolated from the aerial parts.22
An Alternative Approach for Anti-Alzheimer’s Compounds from Plant Extracts
Published in Atanu Bhattacharjee, Akula Ramakrishna, Magisetty Obulesu, Phytomedicine and Alzheimer’s Disease, 2020
G. K. Pratap, Manjula Shantaram
The lignans are bioactive plant compounds, non-nutritional, non-caloric phenolic plant compounds that are found at the highest concentration in sesame and flax seeds and in lower concentrations in grains, other seeds, vegetables, and fruits (Abef and Yamauchi, 1990; Gokare and Akula, 2010). The chemistry and biosynthesis of lignans in plants present in major food sources and their metabolism in humans have been studied (Zhao et al., 2003). The plant lignans most commonly distributed in foods are lariciresinol, matairesinol, pinoresinol, and secoisolariciresinol (Houghton and Howes, 2005). Some lignans are present in foods, including medioresinol (sesame seeds, rye, and lemons), sesamin, syringaresinol (grains), and their precursor sesamolin (Rao et al., 2011). Lignans are recognized as a class of natural products with a particularly wide spectrum of important biological activities, with the main biological properties of lignans being antitumor and antiviral activities (Zhao et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2015) (Figure 2.2 and Table 2.2).
Formulated Natural Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: A Key To Restoring Women’s Health
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Plant- and Marine-Based Phytochemicals for Human Health, 2018
A. Anita Margret, S. Aishwarya, J. Theboral
Phenolics are group of compounds in plants that have varied functions. Flax is a rich source of three types of phenolics: phenolic acids, flavonoids, and lignans. Lignans are phytoestrogens with diphenolic ring structures resembling those of endogenous estrogens.38, 68 and have been shown to exert hormonal effects. The most prevailing lignan is secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). It does not exist in free form instead as a five-SDG molecule bound together with other molecules in the outer fiber layer of the seed.58, 81, 99 The other lignans found are: matairesinol, pinoresinol, lariciresinol, isolariciresinol, and SECO. The lignans except isolariciresinol are converted by bacteria in the colon to the mammalian lignans, enterodiol, and enterolactone.19
Association between dietary phytoestrogens intakes and prostate cancer risk in Sicily
Published in The Aging Male, 2018
Giorgio I. Russo, Marina Di Mauro, Federica Regis, Giulio Reale, Daniele Campisi, Marina Marranzano, Arturo Lo Giudice, Tatiana Solinas, Massimo Madonia, Sebastiano Cimino, Giuseppe Morgia
Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age, energy intake, weight status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity level and family history of prostatic cancer showed that lignans (Q[quartile]4 vs. Q1, OR[odds ratio] = 4.72 [95% CI: 2.34–9.52]) and specifically, lariciresinol (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 4.60 [95% CI: 2.32–9.11]), pinoresinol (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 5.62 [95% CI: 2.70–11.70]), matairesinol (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 3.63 [95% CI: 1.86–7.10]) and secoisolariciresinol (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 4.10 [95% CI: 2.10–8.10]) were associated with increased risk of PCa (Table 3). Furthermore, we found that isoflavones (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 0.28 [95% CI: 0.10–0.77]) and specifically, genistein (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 0.40 [95% CI: 0.21–0.77]) were associated with reduced risk of PCa. We found no other significant association between different phytoestrogen and advanced PCa risk (Table 4).
Gut microbiota and metabonomics used to explore the mechanism of Qing’e Pills in alleviating osteoporosis
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Hui Xie, Zhengying Hua, Mengyu Guo, Shangyang Lin, Yaqian Zhou, Zebin Weng, Li Wu, Zhipeng Chen, Zisheng Xu, Weidong Li
Geniposidic acid, geniposide, pinoresinol diglucoside, psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, genipin, pinoresinol, psoralen, isopsoralen, isobavachin, neobavaisoflavone, bavachin, bavachalcone, isobavachalcone, bavachinin, corylifol A, 4′-O-methylbroussochalcone and bakuchiol were weighed in appropriate amounts and placed in a brown 5 mL volumetric flask. Methanol was added to dissolve the mixture, which was diluted to volume, shaken well, and prepared to contain 0.453, 0.440, 0.447, 0.240, 0.357, 0.267, 0.240, 0.378, 0.277, 0.280, 0.220, 0.180, 0.237, 0.193, 0.320, 0.096, 0.277 and 2.217 mg/mL of the above compounds, respectively; the mixed stock solution was stored at 4 °C for later use. The calibration curves are listed in Table 2.
Coptidis Rhizoma: a comprehensive review of its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Jin Wang, Lin Wang, Guan-Hua Lou, Hai-Rong Zeng, Ju Hu, Qin-Wan Huang, Wei Peng, Xiang-Bo Yang
Lignans are important natural constituents with various pharmacological activities. Special kinds of phenylpropanoids, which are a combination of two or more simple phenylpropanoids, were comprehensively investigated and isolated from CR (Min et al. 1987;; Hirano et al. 1997; Yoshikawa 1997a; Chen L et al. 2012; Li XG et al. 2012; Wang et al. 2012). These constituents include woorenogenin (45), woorenoside I (46), longifolroside A (47), woorenoside II (48), woorenoside V (49), woorenoside III (50), woorenoside IV (51), (+)-pinoresinol (52), (+)-medioresinol (53), (+)-pinoresinol glucoside (54), (+)-pinoresinol-4,4′-O-β-d-diglucopyranoside (55), (+)-syringaresinol glucoside (56), (+)-lariciresinol (57), (±)-5,5′-dimethoxylariciresinol (58), (+)-5′-methoxylariciresinol (59), (+)-lariciresinol glucoside (60), 7S, 8 R, 8′R-(+)-lariciresinol-4,4′-O-β-d-diglucopyranoside (61), lanicepside A (62), 9-acetyl lanicepside B (63), (+)-isolariciresinol (64), isolarisiresinol-9-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (65), woorenoside XI (66), cleomiscosin A (67), aquillochin (68), 2,3-bis-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-methyl]-1,4-butanediol (69), secoisolariciresinol (70), erythro-gaiacylglycerol-8-O-4′-(coniferylalcohol) ether (71), threo-guaiacylglycerol-8-O-4′-(coniferyl alcohol) ether (72), woorenoside X (73), dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (74), and wooreno (75) (Figures 6–7).