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Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
In patients allergic to MP, frequent co-reactions were observed to balsam of Tolu (INCI name: Myroxylon balsamum resin) (47%), Styrax / storax (INCI name: Liquidambar orientalis resin) (43%), Siam benzoin (INCI name: Styrax tonkinensis resin, contains 75% coniferyl benzoate and 10% benzoic acid) (80%), Sumatra benzoin (INCI name: Styrax benzoin gum) (43%) and Compound tincture of benzoin U.S.P (contains styrax, benzoin and balsam of Tolu) (90%) (12,14). In a group of 21 patients allergic to tincture of benzoin, 13 (62%) co-reacted to MP (203).
Ecofriendly synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by Euphrasia officinalis leaf extract and its biomedical applications
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Hina Singh, Juan Du, Priyanka Singh, Tae Hoo Yi
Several investigators have reported that the nanoparticles can induce toxicity to cancer cells and therefore be utilized as potent therapeutic agents for cancers [17–19]. In the present study, the anticancer activity of AgNPs and AuNPs was tested against RAW 246.7 cells (murine macrophage, non-cancerous), A549 (human lung cancer) and HeLa (human cervical cancer) cell line. AgNPs and AuNPs did not show cytotoxicity towards RAW 246.7 cell at the concentration up to 10 μg/mL. However, in case of AgNPs, the growth of A549 cell line was inhibited up to 11 ± 0.5% and growth of HeLa cell line was inhibited by 13.5 ± 2.2% at the concentration 10 μg/mL (Figure 7(a)). On the other hand, AuNPs did not show any cytotoxic effect against A549 cancer cells, at the concentration 10 μg/mL, the viability was determined to be 87.9 ± 2.3%. But AuNPs exhibited little cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells. The viability was reduced to 67.8 ± 1.1% at the concentration 10 μg/mL (Figure 7(b)). The MTT analysis is an assessment of the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, so the observed effect could be due to the cytostatic or cytotoxic effect of nanoparticles, although, the activity revealed the significant anticancer activity of AgNPs and AuNPs. Similarly, activity AgNPs synthesized from Styrax benzoin and Borago officinalis has been reported recently [12,20]. However, in vivo study is required to understand the mechanism and mode of clearance of nanoparticles.
Saffron and its derivatives, crocin, crocetin and safranal: a patent review
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2018
Maryam Rameshrad, Bibi Marjan Razavi, Hossein Hosseinzadeh
A Chinese invention introduced an oral medicinal preparation for treating chloasma, upon observing efficacy in clinical-trial studies. It comprises Dahurian angelica root, C. sativus, Rhizoma Corydalis, Herba Selaginellae, Millettia dielsiana, Radix Morindae officinalis, Cuscuta chinensis Lam., Rhizoma Alismatis, Achyranthes bidentata, radix bupleuri, Semen Euryales, Radix Pseudostellariae, cassia twig, Fructus Citri sarcodactylis, Concretio Silicea Bambusae, Cornus officinalis, Manyprickle acathopanax Root, Styrax, Assorted Chinese Herbal Tea, myrrh, pawpaw, Rheum franzenbachii Munt., Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk., honeysuckle stem, Achillea sibirca, Rabdosia rubescens, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and Radix Scrophulariae [193]. In addition to the effect of saffron on the indicated disorders, the function of this medical herb has been implicated in anticancer formulations [184,185] for treating lung tumor [184] and breast cancer [185].
Quorum sensing inhibitors: a patent review (2014–2018)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2018
Xin Chen, Likun Zhang, Mingxiang Zhang, Huayu Liu, Panrui Lu, Kejiang Lin
Zhao et al. found that a pharmaceutical composition of marine and herbal organisms, namely, Syngnathus sp, Ecklonia kurome, Sophorae flavescentis Radix, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Isatidis Folium, Phellodendri chinensis Cortex and Caryophylli Flos, demonstratedd the potential of treating various bacterial infection with little resistance [102]. Li et al. discovered that an extract of Moutan Cortex disrupted the QS system of Pseudomonas fluorescens, which kept fishery products fresh [103]. Sugiyama et al. found that a mixture of polypeptides and lipids originating from Lactobacillus plantarum SN35N inhibited TSST-1 production of S. aureus [104]. Tufenkji et al. illustrated that phenolic-rich maple syrup extract, combined with antibiotics also possesses antimicrobial potential [105]. Other extracts from plants such as Carex dimorpholepis [106], Cercis chinensis [107], Citrus junos [108], Myristica fragrans [109], Schinus terebinthifolia [110], Vaccinium macrocarpon [111], Styrax paralleoneurus, and Styrax tonkinensis [112] can inhibit biofilm formation and interfere with QS to control the growth of microorganisms. Jia et al. found that stilbenoids, namely, resveratrol, piceatannol and oxyresveratrol inhibit C. violaceum [113] and P. aeruginosa QS [114]. The bis-benzyl-tetrahydro-isoquinoline compounds from Plumula nelumbinis were also shown to inhibit the QS of different strains of P. aeruginosa [115]. In addition, hamamelitannin, a natural compound found in Hamamelis virginiana HAM analogue has been reported to be a potential QSI in 2007, but it had several drawbacks. As a result, Coenye et al. developed some 250 analogues of hamamelitannin that can also disrupt bacterial QS [116].