China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Sustainable Production of Aquatic and Wetland Plants
Published in Namrita Lall, Aquatic Plants, 2020
These considerations require an extensive amount of research with regard to metal uptake, transport, and release by wetland plants, which, are species specific. Phragmites australis are ideal as it withdraw sufficient amounts of metals in its roots, which is beneficial for the phytostabilization of metal contaminants (Weis and Weis 2004). However, the persistence and invasiveness of potential useful species should be considered, as invasion by exotic species would be deleterious to habitat rehabilitation and is legally not allowed. In the selection of phytoextractors used for medicinal purposes, transport and storage of metals in the plant is important, as this may incur complications for medicinal use during extraction and purification. This applies to both terrestrial and aquatic species used for phytoremediation (Tripathi et al. 2012).
Grass pollen allergens
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
The Arundinoideae are thought to represent the direct descendants of the earliest grasses that moved into the open savanna ecosystem. This subfamily previously included a heterogeneous group of unrelated genera and tribes that did not fit into the other relatively well-defined subfamilies. Most of them are now moved to other subfamilies, e.g., Micrairoideae, Danthonioideae, and Aristidoideae. As a group, they are distributed mainly in the tropical and temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. Of the approximately 75 genera represented in the subfamilies, only about five are native in North America. This group includes the giant reed (Arundo) and the common reed (Phragmites communis), which are frequently planted to control erosion. The female plants of the South American pampas grass (Cortaderia), with their large, plumose panicles, are commonly grown as ornamentals in warmer regions of the world. The more than 250 species of Aristida (three-awns), having adapted to the semiarid habitats of South Africa and northern Mexico, are one of the more successful genera of this group.
Grass Pollen Allergens
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2014
The Arundineae are thought to represent the direct descendants of the earliest grasses that moved into the open savanna ecosystem. This subfamily is a heterogeneous group of unrelated genera and tribes that do not fit into the other relatively well-defined subfamilies. As a group, they are distributed mainly in the tropical and temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere. Of some 75 genera represented in the subfamily, only about five are native to North America. This group includes giant reed (Arundo) and the common reed (Phragmites communis), which are frequently planted to control erosion. The female plants of the South American pampasgrass (Cortaderia), with their large, plumose panicles, are commonly grown as ornamentals in warmer regions of the world. Some 250 species of Aristida (three-awns), having adapted to the semiarid habitats of South Africa and northern Mexico, are one of the more successful genera of this subfamily.
Responsive nanosystems for targeted therapy of ulcerative colitis: Current practices and future perspectives
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Min Chen, Huanrong Lan, Ketao Jin, Yun Chen
The role of polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery is widely explored in recent years; however it bears certain serious hurdles such as synthesis scale up and toxicity. Such issues are somehow resolved by using polymers from natural sources (Yang Mei et al. 2020). For instance, nanoparticles from ginger and Lyceum barbarum have shown excellent anti-inflammatory effects by delivering siRNA (Zhang et al. 2017; Zu et al. 2020). Moreover, mesalamine loaded apple polysaccharide silver nanoparticles were developed for the effective treatment of ulcerative colitis. Results from acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis rat model showed effective therapeutic outcomes at higher doses of the drug loaded nanocarrier system as compared to low doses showing the efficacy of the afore mentioned nanosystem (Kaur et al. 2020). Similarly, Phragmites rhizoma polysaccharide selenium nanoparticles were developed and loaded with Azathioprine for targeting ulcerative colitis lesions. In-vivo results showed significant down regulation of the inflammatory cytokines at colonic and serum level that resulted in the clinical symptoms alleviations of the ulcerative colitis as well as healing of the lesions (Cui et al. 2022).
Evaluating the occurrence of cryptic invasions of a rocky shore barnacle, Semibalanus cariosus, between the north-eastern Pacific and Japan
Published in Biofouling, 2018
Takefumi Yorisue, Yuki Yoshioka, Kay Sakuma, Akira Iguchi
Cryptic invasion is defined as an invasion that remains unrecognised because the invader is mistaken for a native or previously introduced species or clade (Geller et al. 2010). Cryptic invasions occur worldwide in marine ecosystems in various taxa (Geller et al. 2010). For instance, the native genotype of a reed Phragmites australis in North America was displaced by a non-native genotype during the nineteenth century (Saltonstall 2002). Intra-specific level cryptic invasions can alter phenotypic and/or physiological characteristics because the characteristics of the invading lineages may differ from those of the recipient populations (Wandeler et al. 2007; Holsbeek et al. 2008; Crispo et al. 2011; Mackie et al. 2012; Lucek 2016). Molecular genetic analyses facilitate the elucidation of the population history relative to human activities and represent a powerful tool for inferring intra-specific level cryptic invasions (Geller et al. 2010).
The role of UDP-glycosyltransferases in xenobioticresistance
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2022
Diana Dimunová, Petra Matoušková, Radka Podlipná, Iva Boušová, Lenka Skálová
Under chemical stress, the expression of certain UGTs increases. For example, in Phragmites australis plants exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of organochlorines, significant induction of several UGTs in leaves was observed (San Miguel et al. 2013). Su et al. (2012) have presented a system for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol phytoremediation based on the overexpression of UGT72B1.