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Anesthetic Recovery
Published in Michele Barletta, Jane Quandt, Rachel Reed, Equine Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2023
Philip Kiefer, Jane Quandt, Michele Barletta
Phenylephrine (Figure 9.10) can be administered intranasally prior to recovery in order to reduce any nasal edema. The dose used is 15 mg of phenylephrine per adult horse diluted in 10 ml of 0.9% normal saline. Half of this volume (5 ml) is administered per each nostril using a canula.
Incontinence (Bowel)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Phenylephrine Gel: Fifteen patients with radiation-induced fecal incontinence were treated with topical phenylephrine gel applied to the anus. The median length of treatment with phenylephrine gel was 28 days. Scores improved in 11 out of 15 patients, 4 out of 15 patients showed substantial improvements of seven or more points, and seven patients considered the gel helpful. Topical phenylephrine gel for the treatment of radiation-induced fecal incontinence has not been previously reported. This small, retrospective study suggests that it may help most patients and, in some, the improvement may be substantial.7
Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Phenylephrine (PE) is a direct-acting sympathomimetic amine chemically related to epinephrine and ephedrine with potent vasoconstrictor property. It is a post-synaptic a-adrenergic receptor agonist that causes vasoconstriction, increases systolic/diastolic pressures, reflex bradycardia, and stroke output. Phenylephrine is mainly used to treat nasal congestion due to the common cold or hay fever, sinusitis, or other upper respiratory problems. In eye drops, this agent is indicated to produce dilation of the pupil prior to intraocular surgery (mydriatic) and diagnostic examinations. It is also found in ear preparations and in rectal and vascular ointments (20). Oral phenylephrine, together with other drugs, may be used to treat certain diseases of the upper respiratory tract. In pharmaceutical products, phenylephrine (PE) is employed as phenylephrine hydrochloride (CAS number 61-76-7, EC number 200-517-3, molecular formula C9H14CINO2) (1).
An overview of emergency pharmacotherapy for priapism
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Graham A. Bobo, Wael Almajed, Jack Conlon, Rohan A. Morenas, Wayne J.G Hellstrom
Multiple retrospective studies have been conducted to assess the efficacy of phenylephrine. One such study compares the effectiveness of subcutaneous terbutaline vs. intracavernous phenylephrine on obtaining detumescence. This review evaluated patients who were diagnosed with ischemic priapism from 2012 to 2014. The rate of detumescence with phenylephrine (74%) was statistically greater than with terbutaline (25%). Also, of the six treatment failures with terbutaline, four had successful detumescence with phenylephrine [31]. Another retrospective study completed in 2016 reported on 58 patients with 136 incidents of ischemic priapism over 5 years from 2010 to 2015. This study investigated the treatment of ischemic priapism with high-dose phenylephrine. It revealed that 86% of patients, who were successfully treated with a dosing regimen of intracavernosal phenylephrine, had no documented instances of hemodynamic instability, thus establishing phenylephrine as a safe and effective agent for the treatment of priapism [50].
Analytical investigation of ternary mixture of phenylephrine hydrochloride, dimetindene maleate and benzalkonium chloride using validated stability indicating HPLC-DAD method
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Ahmed G. Abdelhamid, Dina S. El-Kafrawy, Magdi M. Abdel-Khalek, Tarek S. Belal
There are many nonprescription (over-the-counter; OTC) medications available on pharmacy shelves marketed for relief of respiratory symptoms. Different combinations of antihistamines and decongestants along with other active ingredients have been widely used in OTC medications taken by adults and children for upper respiratory illnesses such as allergic rhinitis and common cold [1,2]. Nasal preparations containing the direct sympathomimetic agent phenylephrine HCl (PHR) and the highly potent H1 antagonist dimetindene maleate (DMD) are commonly used to relief nasal congestion caused by various conditions including common cold, sinusitis and allergies. These pharmaceutical formulations contain benzalkonium chloride (BZM) as preservative to maintain the microbiological quality of the dosage forms. Chemical structures of the three drugs are shown in Figure 1.
Long-term low salt diet increases blood pressure by activation of the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2019
Jialiang Wang, Yi Deng, Xue Zou, Hao Luo, Pedro A. Jose, Chunjiang Fu, Jian Yang, Chunyu Zeng
The sympathetic nervous system also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension (46–48). Therefore, we investigated the effect of low salt diet on the vascular reactivity induced by sympathetic nervous system. We found that the expressions of the α1A and α1D adrenergic receptors in mesenteric artery were significantly higher in the low salt than normal salt diet group. Moreover, the α1 adrenergic receptor agonist, phenylephrine had a greater contractile effect in the third-order mesenteric arteries from rats fed low than those from rats fed high salt diet. The contractile effect of phenylephrine was inhibited completely by phentolamine, an α1 adrenergic receptor antagonist. These data indicate that α1 adrenergic receptors, presumably α1A and α1D adrenergic receptors, are involved in the low salt diet induced-hypertension in SD rats.