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The Food Metabolome and Dietary Biomarkers
Published in Dale A. Schoeller, Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga, Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake, 2017
Augustin Scalbert, Joseph A. Rothwell, Pekka Keski-Rahkonen, Vanessa Neveu
Evaluation of the specificity of a particular biomarker requires knowledge of the chemical composition of foods and the metabolism of food compounds. The occurrence of precursors to a given biomarker can be very specific to a particular food, such as alkylresorcinols in bran and wholegrain cereal products, gallic acid ethyl ester in wine, and phloretin in apple. Their exclusive occurrence in the food or food group of interest can be established with the aid of comprehensive food composition databases such as Phenol-Explorer for polyphenols (Neveu et al. 2010). However, for many food compounds, their distribution in foods is often not known in sufficient detail, and the existence of confounders cannot be ruled out. One way to identify possible confounders is to study correlations between the biomarker and foods or food groups consumed in the population (Edmands et al. 2015; Zamora-Ros et al. 2016). Another more labor intensive approach would be to test all possible confounders in a dietary intervention study (Zhang et al. 1999).
Association between dietary phytoestrogens intakes and prostate cancer risk in Sicily
Published in The Aging Male, 2018
Giorgio I. Russo, Marina Di Mauro, Federica Regis, Giulio Reale, Daniele Campisi, Marina Marranzano, Arturo Lo Giudice, Tatiana Solinas, Massimo Madonia, Sebastiano Cimino, Giuseppe Morgia
The methodology used to retrieve dietary polyphenols has been used in literature and largely described elsewhere [32]. Briefly, data on the polyphenol content in foods was obtained from the Phenol-Explorer database (www.phenol-explorer.eu). A new module of the Phenol-Explorer database containing information on the effects of cooking and food processing on polyphenol contents was used whenever possible in order to apply polyphenol-specific retention factor. A total of 75 items were searched in the database after exclusion of foods that contained no polyphenols. Following the standard portion sizes used in the study, food items were converted in g or ml and then proportioned to 24 h intake. Then, a search was carried out in the Phenol-Explorer database to retrieve mean content values for phytoestrogens (major subclasses and selected compounds) contained in the foods obtained and their intake was then calculated by multiplying the phytoestrogen content by the daily consumption of each food. Finally, intake of phytoestrogens was adjusted for total energy intake (kcal/d) using the residual method.
Distinct maternal microbiota clusters are associated with diet during pregnancy: impact on neonatal microbiota and infant growth during the first 18 months of life
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Izaskun García-Mantrana, Marta Selma-Royo, Sonia González, Anna Parra-Llorca, Cecilia Martínez-Costa, María Carmen Collado
Dietary records were collected during the first week after birth by a nutritionist using a 140-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) about their regular diet during the pregnancy.62 FFQ information was analyzed for the energy and daily intake of macro- and micronutrients by using the nutrient Food Composition Tables developed by the Centro de Enseñanza Superior de Nutrición Humana y Dietética (CESNID).63 The intake of specific dietary fiber, as soluble and insoluble fiber types, was completed from the Marlett food composition tables.64 Polyphenol content was obtained from the Phenol-Explorer database.65 Data were normalized by 2500 kcal/day.
Quercetin Triggers Induction of Apoptotic and Lysosomal Death of Sensitive and Multidrug Resistant Leukaemia HL60 Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Agnieszka Maruszewska, Jolanta Tarasiuk
Recently, increasing interest of many investigators is focused on the use of dietary polyphenols in cancer prevention and chemotherapy (5, 6). They are widely distributed in common diet (e.g., in fruits, vegetables, nuts, wine, and tea) (Phenol-Explorer Database). It is well demonstrated that plant polyphenols exert high antioxidant activity, related to several direct and indirect effects. Direct activity of these compounds is related to their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chelation of metal ions, especially Fe2+ responsible for the formation of hydroxyl radical (OH•) belonging to the most reactive oxidative species (7). Indirect activity of polyphenols is related to their ability to interact with cellular receptors, modulate antioxidant enzyme activity and protect cellular antioxidants (8). It was also reported by several groups that antitumor activity of these compounds is related in a great extent to their ability to interrupt cellular signaling, mainly PI3K-AKT/mTOR, NF-κB, AP1/ERK-MAPK, and JAK-STAT pathways leading to changes in gene expression encoding protein products crucial for cell proliferation and metabolism as well as survival (9–12). The ability of plant polyphenols to block these pathways could result from the inhibition of cytochrome P-450 activity, stimulation of phase II metabolizing enzymes as well as scavenging ROS responsible for their activation. Furthermore, because ROS are among the most crucial factors involved in the induction and regulation of the programed cell death (13), polyphenol compounds that are highly efficacious in modulating cellular ROS level (7) represent a prominent group of antitumor drug candidates for the treatment of MDR cancers.