China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Hepatoprotective Marine Phytochemicals
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
BR Annapoorna, S Vasudevan, K Sindhu, V Vani, V Nivya, VP Venkateish, P Madan Kumar
Phlorotannins (1,3,5-trihydroxy benzene) are polymers of phloroglucinol exclusively found in brown algae and biosynthesized through the acetate–malonate pathway. Different types of phlorotannins have been identified from different marine species, a few of which include Phlorofucofuroeckol A, dieckol, dioxinodehydroeckol, eckstolonol, triphlorethol-A, fucosterol, phloroglucinol, eckol, phlorofucofuroeckol-A, 2-phloroeckol, 7-phloroeckol (Kim et al. 2009). Among marine brown algae, Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia stolonifera, Ecklonia kurome, Eisenia bicyclis, Ishige okamurae, Sargassum thunbergii, Hizikia fusiformis, Undaria pinnatifida, and Laminaria japonica have been reported for phlorotannins with beneficial health biological activities (Li et al. 2011). A few of the carotenoids isolated from marine sources such as algae, fungi, and bacteria include astaxanthin (Hematococcus pluvialis), fucoxanthin (Sargassum siliquastrum, Hijikia fusiformis, Undaria pinnatifida, Laminaria japonica), tedaniaxanthin, lutein (Dunaliella salina), siphonaxanthin, lycopene (haloarchaea), antheraxanthin, zeaxanthin (Halophila stipulacea), violaxanthin, neoxanthin, peridinin (Heterocapsa triquetra), β-cryptoxanthin β-carotene (Dunaliella salina), ketocarotenoids, canthaxanthin (Thraustochytrium strains ONC-T18 and CHN-1), echinenone, diadinoxanthin, dinoxanthin, and alloxanthin (Galasso et al. 2017).
Physical Factors
Published in Michael J. Kennish, Ecology of Estuaries Physical and Chemical Aspects, 2019
Phytoplankton are capable of using all incident light of the visible spectrum for photosynthesis, but the rate of photosynthesis may vary somewhat with different wavelengths.80 Within the usable wavelengths (400 to 700 nm), the phytoplankton pigments chlorophyll a and c mainly absorb light of wavelengths greater than 600 nm. The accessory phytoplankton pigments, such a fucoxanthin and peridinin, primarily absorb light of wavelengths less than 600 nm.9
Saxitoxin and Related Paralytic Shellfish Toxins
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Leanne Andrea Pearson, Brett Anthony Neilan
Saxitoxin and related PSTs are the only biotoxins produced by organisms spanning two kingdoms of life (Prokarya and Eukarya), making them an interesting case from an evolutionary perspective.1 Prokaryotic cyanobacteria comprise a morphologically diverse group of gram-negative bacteria that utilize several light-capturing phycobiliproteins (phycoerythrins, phycocyanins, and allophycocyanins) and chlorophyll a to carry out oxygenic photosynthesis.2 Eukaryotic dinoflagellates, on the other hand, are unicellular protists with several distinct morphological and genomic features, including heteromorphic flagella, a complex cell covering (amphiesma), a unique nucleus (dinokaryon), and very large genomes.3–5 Approximately 50% of all dinoflagellate species, including those producing PSTs, are capable of photosynthesis,6 and most of these utilize chlorophylls a and c2, as well as the carotenoid beta-carotene and a group of unique xanthophylls, including peridinin, dinoxanthin, and diadinixanthin.7
Highly specific functional equivalence of XN-HPC for optimum CD34+ cell count in harvested allogeneic bone marrow stem cell products
Published in Hematology, 2022
Aisha Jamal, Tahir Khan, Uzma Zaidi, Quratul Ain Rizvi, Shafaq Jahanzeb, Ali Salim, Mehjabeen Imam, Tahir Shamsi
BD polystyrene tubes (12 × 75 mm) were used for each donor sample. With the reverse pipetting technique, 100 µL of the each sample was collected and incubated with 5 µL of CD38 (Fluorescein isothiocyanate) FITC, 5 µL of HLA-DR (Phycoerythrin) PE, 5 µL of CD45 (Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein) PerCP, and 2.5 µL of CD34 (Allophycocyanin) APC. After gentle vortex, the tubes were incubated for 20 min at room temperature in the dark. In the next step, 1 mL 1× FACS lysing solution was added to each tube and reincubated for another 20–25 min in the dark at room temperature. It was followed by centrifugation (1750 rpm for 5 mins) and washing with sheath fluid. Isotype control, to determine negative events, was run simultaneously with each sample with similar methodology as for the samples.
Platelet activation and aggregation in different centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist devices
Published in Platelets, 2022
Maximilian Tscharre, Franziska Wittmann, Daniela Kitzmantl, Silvia Lee, Beate Eichelberger, Patricia P. Wadowski, Günther Laufer, Dominik Wiedemann, Birgit Forstner-Bergauer, Cihan Ay, Simon Panzer, Daniel Zimpfer, Thomas Gremmel
MPA were identified in citrate-anticoagulated blood as previously described [14,17]. In brief, suboptimal concentrations of AA (228 µM; Roche Diagnostics), ADP (1.5 μM; Roche Diagnostics), TRAP (7.1 μM; Bachem), or HEPES buffer were added to 5 μl whole blood, which had been diluted in 55 μl HEPES-buffered saline. After 10 min, monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD45-peridinin chlorphyll protein (clone 2D1; BD), anti-CD41-phycoerythrin (clone P2; Beckman Coulter), and anti-CD14-allophycocyanin (clone MϕP9; BD) were added. After 15 min, samples were stopped with FACSlysing solution (BD) (diluted 1:10 with double distilled water), and at least 10.000 CD45+ events were acquired immediately. Within these events, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes were identified based on their CD14 versus side scatter characteristics. Monocytes were identified as CD14+ and the CD45+ CD14+ events were subjected to further analyses for CD45+ CD41+ and CD45+ CD41- events. The percentage of CD14+ CD41+ events was recorded.
Neutrophil CD64: a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of infection in patients with haematological malignancies
Published in Hematology, 2021
Jiabao Liang, Jiayu Xu, Lu You, Guolei Yang, Guomin Niu, Huanyu Pan, Sijian Yu, Xiuqu Mai, Jialiang Xu, Fuhua Zhang
We collected 2 mL of peripheral venous blood and stored it in a blood collection tube containing EDTA. To remove the RBCs, we added 500 μL of RBC lysis buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) to 50 μL of the peripheral blood sample and then incubated the mixture at room temperature. After centrifuging and washing the mixture with PBS thrice, it was incubated with 2 μg/mL of phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated anti-CD64 antibody (BD Biosciences) and 2 μg/mL of peridinin chlorophyll protein (Percp)-conjugated anti-CD45 antibody (BD Biosciences) on ice for 40 min in the dark. The sample was then washed with PBS twice and re-suspended in 300 μL PBS before being loaded onto a Beckman Coulter Epics XL flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter Inc.). EXPO32 software (Beckman Coulter Inc.) was used to analyse the data. The reference range of neutrophil CD64 was determined by testing 100 healthy people. We analysed at least 5000 neutrophils from every blood sample to guarantee the accuracy and reliability of the result.