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Pefloxacin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Pefloxacin has only moderate efficacy in the treatment of routine pneumonia or bronchitis, mainly due to its limited activity against S. pneumoniae and S. aureus (Maesen et al., 1987). Maesen et al. (1985) gave 400 mg of the drug orally twice daily to 43 patients with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis; 34 (79%) showed clinical improvement by day 11, and this fell to 65% 7 days later. All strains of Haemophilus influenzae and M. catarrhalis were eradicated by the treatment, but eight infections caused by S. pneumoniae and three caused by P. aeruginosa were unaffected. These results correlated with the resistance of these organisms, which increased during therapy.
Characterization of plasma protein binding in two mouse models of humanized liver, PXB mouse and humanized TK-NOG mouse
Published in Xenobiotica, 2021
Maki Miyamoto, Yohei Kosugi, Shinji Iwasaki, Ikumi Chisaki, Sayaka Nakagawa, Nobuyuki Amano, Hideki Hirabayashi
Aripiprazole, carbazeran, dapsone, mycophenolic acid, ketanserin and telmisartan were synthesized by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Kanagawa, Japan). Bazedoxifene was purchased from Florida Chemical Supply, Inc. (Tampa, FL). Fasudil was purchased from Focus Biomolecules (Plymouth Meeting, PA). Benzydamine was purchased from Labotest OHG (Niederschöna, Germany). Pefloxacin was purchased from LKT Laboratories, Inc. (St. Paul, MN). Zaleplon was purchased from Sequoia Research Products, Ltd. (Reading, UK). Albuterol, ibuprofen, indomethacin, naltrexone, O6-benzylguanine, UCN-01, warfarin, XK-469 and zoniporide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Gemcitabine, mefloquine, and sumatriptan were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). BIBX 1382 and gavestinel were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). Pazopanib was obtained from KareBay Biochem, Inc. (Monmouth Junction, NJ). Antipyrine, clonazepam, chlorthalidone, diazepam, diclofenac, dolasetron, entacapone, imipramine, ketoprofen, moxifloxacin, pyrimethamine, (S)-naproxen, and tamoxifen were purchased from Wako Pure Chemicals Industries (Osaka, Japan). PXB mouse plasma was purchased from PhoenixBio. Co., Ltd. (Hiroshima, Japan).
Pefloxacin induced changes in serotonergic innervation and mast cell number in rat salivary glands
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Boglárka Emese Skopkó, Ádám Deák, Clara Matesz, Barna Kelentey, Tímea Bácskai
Pefloxacin (PEF - 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7–(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid (IUPAC- International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry –name)) is a second generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic (FQA) (PubChem 2005; Rotimi et al.2015). The FQAs inhibit the bacterial DNA gyrase (its eukaryotic homolog, topoisomerase II) and the DNA topoisomerase IV and PEF treatment results in impairment of DNA synthesis (Kelentey et al.1996). The clinical use of PEF includes the treatment of urinary-tract, gastrointestinal-tract, airway, intra-abdominal, and dermatological infections, which are mainly attributed to Gram-negative-aerobic, Gram-positive or multi-resistant bacteria (Dalhoff 2012). In the dental practice, the FQAs can be administered systemically or topically in the treatment of periodontal, surgical or endodontic diseases (Shrivastava et al.2015, van Winkelhoff et al.2016). The main advantage of FQAs is their excretion into saliva and crevicular fluid, thus allowing them to exert an effect locally on oral pathogenic bacteria (Jiang et al.2013). When nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed together with FQA (PEF) the patient attention have to be drawn to the potential side effects and drug interactions, which can occur when these drugs are administered together, for example during the treatment of dental inflammations (Chen et al.2014).
Association between oral fluoroquinolone use and lateral canthal tendon rupture: case report
Published in Orbit, 2018
Rashed N. Alhabshan, Tamer N. Mansour
Fluoroquinolone associated tendinitis and tendon rupture is a known side effect of fluoroquinolone use. Ribard et al. were first to describe cases of Achilles tendon rupture after use of pefloxacin in treating urinary tract infection and spondylitis.1 Glaude et al. interestingly described a case of Achilles tendinopathy after use of ophthalmic topical moxifloxacin.2 Systemic fluoroquinolone use has been associated with adverse ocular effects including the development of bilateral uveitis3, bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris4, bilateral acute iris transillumination,5 and even retinal detachment.6 However, to the best of our knowledge, no case has been reported associating fluoroquinolone use with tendon rupture involving the eyelids or orbital structures. Our case is the first to demonstrate the association between this class of antibiotics and lateral canthal tendon (LCT) rupture with subsequent development of eyelid ectropion in a young patient. Collection and evaluation of protected patient health information was HIPAA-compliant and the patient fully consented for the acquisition and release of photography; this signed consent is archived in our records.