China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Drug Targeting to the Lung: Chemical and Biochemical Considerations
Published in Anthony J. Hickey, Sandro R.P. da Rocha, Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 2019
Peter A. Crooks, Narsimha R. Penthala, Abeer M. Al-Ghananeem
When given by inhalation, ipratropium bromide and oxitropium bromide are slower acting than β2-receptor stimulants, but have a longer duration of action (Storms et al. 1975, Schlueter and Neumann 1978). Both drugs are considerably more broncho-selective than atropine when given by inhalation and exhibit significantly less systemic anti-cholinergic side effects.
Prescribing trends of inhaler treatments for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease within a resource-constrained environment in the Scottish national health service: findings and implications
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2019
Holly McCabe, Brian Godman, Amanj Kurdi, Katie Johnston, Sean MacBride-Stewart, Janey Lennon, Simon Hurding, Marion Bennie, Alec Morton
Between 2001 and 2017, 144 individual inhalers were included covering both originators, alternatives to originators and generics. In terms of active ingredients, the following were available during the study period although a number of these inhaler types are no longer available: five SABAs (salbutamol, terbutaline sulphate, fenoterol hydrobromide, orciprenaline sulphate and reproterol hydrochloride), two SAMAs (ipratropium bromide and oxitropium bromide), three LABAs (salmeterol, formoterol fumarate and olodaterol), three LAMAs (tiotropium, aclidinium bromide and umeclidinium bromide), two mast cell stabilisers (nedocromil sodium and sodium cromoglicate), five ICS (budesonide, beclometasone dipropionate, ciclesonide, fluticasone propionate and mometasone furoate), one SABA/SAMA (salbutamol with ipratropium), three LAMA/LABA (umeclidinium bromide with vilanterol trifenatate, aclidinium bromide with formoterol fumarate and tiotropium with olodaterol), five ICS/LABA (salmeterol with fluticasone propionate, budesonide with formoterol fumarate, fluticasone furoate with vilanterol, fluticasone propionate with formoterol fumarate and beclometasone dipropionate with formoterol fumarate) and one ICS SABA (beclometasone dipropionate with salbutamol).
Multidimensional approach for the proper management of a complex chronic patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2018
Paola Rogliani, Vito Brusasco, Leonardo Fabbri, Andrea Ungar, Elisa Muscianisi, Ilaria Barisone, Alberto Corsini, Giuseppe De Angelis
Therapeutic options for COPD include β2-agonist and anticholinergics as bronchodilators, eventually associated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors or macrolides for exacerbations. Among bronchodilators, β2-agonists (salmeterol, formoterol, indacaterol, salbutamol, olodaterol, vilanterol) and anticholinergics (ipratropium bromide, oxitropium bromide, aclidinium bromide, tiotropium bromide, glycopyrronium bromide, umeclidinium bromide) are associated with functional improvement of lung function, symptom control, and quality of life [41–45]. Clinical guidelines and strategical plans for COPD management indicate that corticosteroids combined with long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) are useful to reduce the effects of chronic inflammation, since they may contribute to improve lung function, delay disease progression, and decrease symptoms and exacerbations [5,33]. However, the results of FLAME study indicate that the combination of LABA and long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist (LAMA) was superior to the combination of LABA and inhaled glucocorticoid in ameliorating exacerbations, lung function, and health status [46]. The effect was independent on blood eosinophil levels that did not correlate with the rate of moderate or severe exacerbations [47].