Oleandomycin

Published in Ronald M. Atlas, James W. Snyder, Handbook Of Media for Clinical Microbiology, 2006

Ronald M. Atlas, James W. Snyder

Use: For antibiotic assay testing. For base agar and seed agar for the plate assay to test the effectiveness of neomycin sulfate, amoxicillin, ampicillin, clindamycin, cyclacillin, erythromycin, gentamycin, neomycin, oleandomycin, and sisomycin.

Ultraviolet and Light Absorption Spectrometry

Published in Adorjan Aszalos, Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020

Zoltan M. Dinya, Ferenc J. Sztaricskai

Sanghavi and Katdare [218] first hydrolyzed erythromycin with concentrated hydrochloric acid followed by treatment with benzaldehyde in acetic acid to obtain a Schiff base exhibiting absorption at 490 nm. In these quantitative measurements another antibiotic, such as penicillin, neomycin, or streptomycin, did not interfere, but the presence of tetracyclines disturbs the determinations. Later, benzaldehyde was replaced by p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and the measurements were achieved at 488 nm [219]. Amer et al. [220] estimated the erythromycin content of pharmaceutical preparations on the basis of the absorbance at 386 nm of a yellow product formed on treatment with salicylaldehyde in ethanol. Smith et al. [221] elaborated a colorimetric assay method for the chloroform-extractable complexes of erythromycin with sulfonic acid dyes (such as methyl orange). It has been shown by Bhathar and Madkaiker [200] that erythromycin also forms a complex with bromothymol blue at pH 3.5, which is extractable with chloroform and exhibits specific absorbance at 415 nm. Among several sulfophthalein acid dyes, bromophenol blue was applied by Shirokova and Charykov [222] for the determination of erythromycin. It has been established by Regosz et al. [223] that a pH 4.2 medium is optimal for the use of bromophenol blue and the absorbance at 415 nm is suitable for the assay of erythromycin content of pharmaceutical preparations. By applying bromothymol blue, an analytical method was elaborated by Slavin et al. [224] for the estimation of oleandomycin.

The inhibition of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) by tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

Published in Xenobiotica, 2018

Da-Wei Chen, Zuo Du, Chun-Ze Zhang, Wei-Hua Zhang, Yun-Feng Cao, Hong-Zhi Sun, Zhi-Tu Zhu, Kun Yang, Yong-Zhe Liu, Ze-Wei Zhao, Zhi-Wei Fu, Wen-Qing Gu, Yang Yu, Zhong-Ze Fang

To better understand the difference of inhibition potential of T4 and T3 on UGT1A1, in silico docking method was used to dock the chemical structure of T3 and T4 into the activity cavity of UGT1A1. Due to the difficulty to get the three dimensional (3D) structure of UGT1A1, we firstly used homology modeling to build 3D structure of UGT1A1. The amino acid sequence of UGT1A1 was downloaded from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, and the code was NP000454. This amino acids sequence was used to perform homology modeling of the crystal structure of UGT1A1. Oleandomycin glycosyltransferase (PDB code: 2iya), anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase (PDB code: 3wc4), and hydroquinone glucosyltransferase (PDB code: 2vce) were chosen as the templates of UGT1A1. MODELLER 9v14 program was used to predict 3D models of UGT1A1. PROCHECK and ERRAT were used to evaluate the model of UGT1A1 protein. Autodock Version 4.2 was employed to dock the flexible small molecule of T4 and T3 into the rigid protein of UGT1A1. The non-polar hydrogen atoms of UGT1A1 enzyme were merged. Subsequently, Kollman charges were added to the protein via AutoDockTool. The grid box was set to a dimension of 50 × 50 × 50. All calculations for protein-fixed ligand-flexible docking were done by Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm (LGA) method. The best conformation was selected with the lowest docked energy values. The interactions between enzyme and compounds were analyzed, including hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions.

Lung penetration and pneumococcal target binding of antibiotics in lower respiratory tract infection

Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2022

Phong Thi Nam Nguyen, Nho Van Le, Hanh Minh Nguyen Dinh, Bao Quoc Phan Nguyen, Thi Van Anh Nguyen

The higher drug concentration at the sites of infection compared to that in the blood can be associated with inflammation conditions50. Inflammatory states cause capillary vasodilation and loss of size selectivity that normally restricts the passage of large molecules through the cell membranes. The increase in membrane permeability facilitates the penetration capability of antibiotics into the lung52–54. Degrees of inflammation can influence the degrees of pulmonary penetration as shown in the cases of β-lactam, clindamycin, oleandomycin and erythromycin. Penetration into the lung decreased when inflammation decreased16.

The pathogenic microbial flora and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern in odontogenic infections

Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2019

Paul Andrei Tent, Raluca Iulia Juncar, Florin Onisor, Simion Bran, Antonia Harangus, Mihai Juncar

Besides erythromycin, macrolides with 14-membered ring include clarithromycin, dirithromycin, oleandomycin, roxithromycin, and 16-membered ring: josamycin, midecamycin, mikamycin, and spiramycin. We can distinguish azalide – 15-membered ring macrolide – azithromycin, and, ketolides with 14-membered ring such as telithromycin and cethromycin. Tacrolimus isolated from Streptomyces tsukubaensis and sirolimus isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus also belong to this group of antibiotics (Kwiatkowska and Maślińska 2012).