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Mycotic Keratitis Caused by Dematiaceous Fungi
Published in Mahendra Rai, Marcelo Luís Occhiutto, Mycotic Keratitis, 2019
Javier Araiza, Andrés Tirado-Sánchez, Alexandro Bonifaz
The routine use of simple or enriched solid media sowing in “C” streaks (only growth in these streaks is considered significant) (Thomas 2003), such as gelose blood, gelose chocolate, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Sabouraud Dextrose agar with chloramphenicol at 28°C, or 30 to 37°C in aerobiosis is effective for culture. It is also advisable to grow dematiaceous fungi in liquid media (broth) with an addition of antibiotics as BHI broth or thioglycolate broth. The identification of the agents can be done by reseeding the agents in media such as oat flour agar, malt agar extract and the Carnation agar, as well as through the observation of development in the culture media and the microscopic observations of the structures obtained in the culture media with cotton blue (Thomas 2003, Ursea et al. 2010, Gajjar et al. 2013, Konidaris et al. 2013, Calvillo-Medina et al. 2018, Mahmoudi et al. 2018).
High Consumption of Whole Grains
Published in John J.B. Anderson, Marilyn C. Sparling, The Mediterranean Way of Eating, 2014
John J.B. Anderson, Marilyn C. Sparling
Oats, including oat flour, oatmeal, and oat bran, contain the highest proportion of soluble fiber of all the cereal grains. Significant amounts of soluble fiber are also present in barley and in the seeds of the psyllium plant. Whole wheat products, along with wheat germ and corn bran, are high in insoluble fiber. Both soluble and insoluble fibers provide many health benefits and may play a role, directly or indirectly, in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and other chronic diseases, as well as in weight management.
Dietary Fiber and Coronary Heart Disease
Published in Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Thunder Jalili, Eunice Mah, Denis M. Medeiros, Robert E.C. Wildman
More specific to soluble fiber, the FDA has to date reviewed and authorized three sources of soluble fiber (oat, barley, and psyllium) to be eligible for use of a health claim with regard to a reduction in the risk of CHD (Table 10.5). In doing so, the FDA acknowledges that in conjunction with a low-saturated-fat and low-cholesterol diet, certain soluble fiber foods may favorably influence total cholesterol and LDL levels and thus lower the risk of heart disease. Foods and supplements meeting this criteria may contain oat bran, whole oat flour, oatrim, whole grain barley, dry milled barley, barley betafiber, and psyllium seed husk. Again, in order for a food manufacturer to use such a health claim on a food label, the food must meet criteria for low saturated fat, low cholesterol, and low fat. The food must provide oat- and/or barley-based eligible ingredients in at least 0.75 g of soluble fiber per serving. Foods that contain psyllium seed husk must contain at least 1.7 g of soluble fiber per serving. In addition, a claim must indicate the daily dietary intake of the soluble fiber source necessary to reduce the risk of heart disease. Also, the claim must indicate the contribution that one serving of the product will make toward that intake level. Further still, the soluble fiber content must be stated in the nutrition label. In the health claim, the food manufacturer must state “soluble fiber” qualified by the name of the eligible source of soluble fiber and “heart disease” or “coronary heart disease” in describing the nutrient–disease association. A sample claim may read as follows:Diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol that include 3 grams or more of beta-glucan soluble fiber from either oats or barley may reduce the risk of heart disease. One serving of dried oats provides 2 grams of this soluble fiber.
Interference of altered plasma trace elements profile with hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress damage to insulin secretion dysfunction in Psammomys obesus: focus on the selenium
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Asma Bouazza, Eric Fontaine, Xavier Leverve, Elhadj-Ahmed Koceir
The first point is linked to the plasma hCys homocysteine accretion can either due to its excessive production or is poorly degraded. The link between hCys and diet becomes important to elucidate, essentially the presence of methionine in diet. The laboratory chow diet (LCD) contains 25% of proteins compared to 3.53% in the natural diet (ND) represented by halophilic plants (Marquie et al. 1984). These Chenopodiaceae contain little methionine (Frenkel et al.1972); compared to the LCD, which is very high (0.010 versus 0.50%, respectively). In LCD, methionine is found in wheat, oat flour, meat, fish, and milk powder proteins. This difference between methionine amounts in ND compared to LCD explains the HhCys in experimental groups II, III, and IV (under LCD) versus control group I (under ND). Thus, in P. obesus model, the LCD (high caloric diet) leads to the abnormal elevated hCys production which becomes toxic for β-cells (Scullion et al. 2016).