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Immune-Related Adverse Events from Cancer Immunotherapy
Published in Jason Liebowitz, Philip Seo, David Hellmann, Michael Zeide, Clinical Innovation in Rheumatology, 2023
Scientific advances in diagnostic and classification methods in the future will help generate specific nomenclature by way of international classification of diseases (ICD) coding. The attribution of this diagnostic terminology will enable better clinical care as well as more effective research.
Optimizing Medication Use through Health Information Technology
Published in Salvatore Volpe, Health Informatics, 2022
Troy Trygstad, Mary Ann Kliethermes, Anne L. Burns, Mary Roth McClurg, Marie Smith, John Easter
The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is sponsored by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and has focused its efforts of late on enabling interoperability between often disparate proprietary and non-proprietary classification systems embedded within electronic medical and other health records systems. In addition to classifying diseases and procedures, relationships are defined between terms to create ontological structures. The Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT), maintained by the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization (IHTSDO), and RxNorm, produced by the (NLM) itself, are probably the most well-known and widely used ontologies in the US healthcare system, with the latter being used to classify pharmaceuticals to aid interoperable functions such as electronic prescribing and computerized physician order entry systems.
General Principles of Clinical Psychopharmacology in Children and Adolescents
Published in Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
A number of international organisations in the field of psychopharmacology have endorsed the so-called neuroscience-based nomenclature (NbN), whereby each compound is referred to based on its mechanism of action rather than the supposed disorder it is aimed to treat. A version for child and adolescent psychiatry has been recently developed (https://nbnca.com/), with an app currently being tested.
Treatment characteristics among patients with binge-eating disorder: an electronic health records analysis
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2023
William M. Spalding, Monica L. Bertoia, Cynthia M. Bulik, John D. Seeger
An International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code for BED was introduced in 2016 in ICD-10. Without a specific code for BED in ICD-9 (previously under the general ICD-9 code 307.50 [Eating Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified]) during the timeframe that this study was conducted, patients with BED were identified using an algorithm comprised of NLP terms. The NLP system was used to extract and organize concepts, attributes, sentiments, and modifiers related to BED from free text clinical notes. The system was developed using vocabulary from the Unified Medical Language System, which includes multiple medical dictionaries (eg, the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes, the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine–Clinical Terms, and RxNorm [a listing of generic and branded drugs]). The NLP system is updated regularly and supplemented with new terms and information as refinements are identified. The architecture of the NLP system is based on the OASIS Unstructured Information Management Architecture [27] and is similar to other previously described systems [28]. The types of NLP concepts included medications; clinical measurements; diagnostic and therapeutic procedures; and signs, diseases, and symptoms. Modifiers of the NLP concepts included sentiments (eg, negations, affirmations), descriptive attributes (eg, stage, grade, severity, duration), and the notes section (eg, medical history, history of current illness, assessments, plans).
Temporal Trends in Childhood Uveitis: Using Administrative Health Data to Investigate the Impact of Health Policy and Clinical Practice
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Akshay R. Narayan, Jugnoo S. Rahi, Ameenat Lola Solebo
We aimed to capture data for cases of non-infectious uveitis, but were limited by the use of the ICD-10 disease taxonomy within this national administrative health database. ICD-10 does not allow for comprehensive classification of the uveitides. For example, whilst different forms of toxoplasma uveitis (“B58.01: toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis”) and ocular tuberculosis have unique ICD-10 codes (eg: “A18.54: tuberculous iridocyclitis,” or “A18.53: tuberculous chorioretinitis”), other infectious uveitides have no unique ICD-10 code (uveitis due to toxocariasis or due to Lyme disease is included within “B83.0: visceral larva migrans,” and “A69.29: Other conditions associated with Lyme disease,” respectively). As ICD-10 categories such as “H30.1: disseminated chorioretinal inflammation,” or “H30.8: other chorioretinal inflammations” or “H44.1: other endophthalmitis” may not be limited to non-infectious uveitides, the cohort presented here may include infectious causes. However, this is expected to be relevant to only a minority of cases, and a particularly small minority within the episodes related to anterior uveitis. The incomplete mapping of ICD-10 codes to international consensus-based disease taxonomy (such as that in the standardized uveitis nomenclature) remains a challenge to the use of historic administrative datasets to explore trends and outcomes for the different disease phenotypes. International groups will need to continue work towards agreed supranational disease ontology.
Demystifying idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: time for more etiology-focused nomenclature in interstitial lung disease
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2022
Nevins W. Todd, Sergei P. Atamas, Stella E. Hines, Irina G. Luzina, Nirav G. Shah, Edward J. Britt, Andrew J. Ghio, Jeffrey R. Galvin
Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or interstitial pneumonia, comprises a wide array of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases that encompasses close to one hundred disorders generally characterized by a combination of pulmonary inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. The classification system, nomenclature, and acronyms used for ILD are complex, and are often confusing to general medicine physicians and pulmonary disease specialists alike. Part of the complexity is related to an incomplete understanding of several of the disease entities, whereas much of the complexity relates likely to the nomenclature used for multidisciplinary diagnoses in ILD. Confusion and complexity surrounding ILD nomenclature applies perhaps most particularly to the group of disorders termed the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs).