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Streptomyces: A Potential Source of Natural Antimicrobial Drug Leads
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Mahmoud A. Elfaky, Hanaa Nasr, Ilham Touiss, Mohamed L. Ashour
According to many reports, more than 2 million North Americans are infected with antibiotic-resistant microbes per year, resulting in at least 23,000 deaths. Currently, at least 700,000 cases of antibiotic-resistant infections result in over 33,000 deaths per year in Europe, at the cost of more than €1.5 billion. Infectious diseases now account for about 20% of all deaths globally, even though antibiotic intake grew by 36% between 2000 and 2010. This condition worsened when hospital infections became a leading cause of morbidity and death, resulting in longer hospital stays and higher healthcare costs. Furthermore, multidrug-resistant bacteria cause more than 15% of hospital infections that are resistant to many antimicrobials. Antibiotic-resistant diseases, for example, are expected to kill 10 million people annually by 2050, according to a government study in the United Kingdom (Ribeiro da Cunha et al. 2019).
Toxic Effects and Biodistribution of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles *
Published in Valerio Voliani, Nanomaterials and Neoplasms, 2021
Gunter Schmid, Wolfgang G. Kreyling, Ulrich Simon
To explore the potential therapeutic activity of cytotoxic usAuNP, Boda et al. investigated treatment option against staphylococcal infections [5]. The emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria, especially biofilm-associated staphylococci, requires novel antimicrobial agents. The authors tested antibacterial activity of AuNPs in a size range between 0.8 and 10 nm against planktonic gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Among the gram-positive strains, Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis were tested, while Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa comprised the gram-negative strains. In concentration-dependent toxicity assessment, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated. The results are summarized in Table 15.3.
Intra-Abdominal Infections
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Relapses may occur after >48 h after apparently successful and adequate surgical source control of secondary peritonitis. This is more common in immunocompromised or critically ill patients and is associated with multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Ligand-based design and synthesis of N'-Benzylidene-3,4-dimethoxybenzohydrazide derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents; evaluation by in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches with SAR studies
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Rogy R. Ezz Eldin, Marwa A. Saleh, Mohammad Hayal Alotaibi, Reem K. Alsuair, Yahya A. Alzahrani, Feras A. Alshehri, Amany F. Mohamed, Shaimaa M. Hafez, Azza Ali Althoqapy, Seham K. Khirala, Mona M. Amin, Yousuf A. F, Azza H. AbdElwahab, Mohamed S. Alesawy, Ayman Abo Elmaaty, Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
On the other hand, the multidrug resistance (MDR) within bacteria and fungi is an alarming microbial threat and induces a major global public health concern6. A wide variety of mechanisms may lead to the emergence of bacterial resistance, including resistance genes acquisition via mutations and horizontal gene transfer7. Besides, antibiotics overuse and misuse without suitable medical guidance speed up the expansion and emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria8–10. By 2050, it is estimated that the death toll nears 10 million per year by drug-resistant infections if there are no new steps to be taken11. Many bacterial strains have developed advanced mechanisms, which permit them to survive and eliminate antibiotic effects. As a result, some isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) have evolved intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics, such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, and fluoroquinolones7. Resistance revealed by some Acinetobacter baumannii species to some currently available antibiotics is may be attributed to their capability to adjust and promote multiple resistance strategies, such as antibiotics β-lactam rings hydrolysis, antibiotics entry reduction into bacteria target sites, and bacterial targets change by mutations12,13. Besides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) may show high resistance to some antibiotics through its ability to stay in aggregates forming biofilms14. Steps for antibiotic resistance are depicted in Figure 1.
Investigation of treatment-time differences in colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats
Published in Chronobiology International, 2021
Joshua E. Eronmosele, T. O. Olurishe, A. B Olorukooba
Previously, colistin methanesulphonate (CMS) in doses of 300,000 IU/Kg/d and 450,000 IU/Kg/d has been used to induce nephrotoxicity in a study which successfully demonstrated the dose-dependent nature of CIN in rats (Ghlissi et al. 2013). In this present study, doses of 450,000 IU/Kg/d and 600,000 IU/Kg/d of CMS were administered to Wistar rats to induce nephrotoxicity. The animals that received the latter dose showed more pronounced CIN as evidenced by higher mean values of serum creatinine, urea, and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to the group that received 450,000 IU/Kg/d. There was also a significant difference between the mean values of serum creatinine and MDA observed in the group treated with 600,000 IU/Kg/d compared with the vehicle group. In comparison to the earlier studies, these results suggest that higher doses of CMS may be tolerated in the rat model and should be used in further work. This is important because it has been noted that the nephrotoxicity of colistin may have been initially overestimated, resulting in the frequent clinical use of suboptimal doses to avert CIN (Gibson et al. 2016). This approach is associated with an increased tendency for the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria (Lim et al. 2015). The dose of CMS (600,000 IU/Kg/d) used in this study is the highest dose that has been used in the rat model for toxicological studies, and this dose selection serves to extend the experimental dosage range.
Impact and consequences of intensive chemotherapy on intestinal barrier and microbiota in acute myeloid leukemia: the role of mucosal strengthening
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Thomas Hueso, Kenneth Ekpe, Camille Mayeur, Anna Gatse, Marie Joncquel-Chevallier Curt, Guillaume Gricourt, Christophe Rodriguez, Charles Burdet, Guillaume Ulmann, Christel Neut, Salah-Eddine Amini, Patricia Lepage, Bruno Raynard, Christophe Willekens, Jean-Baptiste Micol, Stéphane De Botton, Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha, Frédéric Gottrand, Jean-Luc Desseyn, Muriel Thomas, Paul-Louis Woerther, David Seguy
Induction chemotherapy that combines seven days of cytarabine and three days of anthracycline (7 + 3 regimen) remains the standard of care for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with a 70 to 80% complete remission rate.1 Subsequently, most patients undergo consolidation and conditioning chemotherapy preceding allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). During these treatments, several complications may mitigate the prognosis of AML, such as bloodstream infections (BSI), relapse of the hematological disease, or acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after allo-SCT. Because of their toxicity, chemotherapies are responsible for the intestinal barrier failure that promotes BSI usually caused by gram-negative bacteria of the digestive tract.2,3 Furthermore, the widespread use of antibiotics enhances the dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria, raising the health costs, and increasing the infection-related mortality rate.4