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Lipids and Lipid-Like Compounds of Fusarium
Published in Rajendra Prasad, Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, Lipids of Pathogenic Fungi, 2017
A. H. Merrill, A. M. Grant, E. Wang, C. W. Bacon
Fusarin C is toxic and mutagenic and represents just one of the many secondary metabolites of Fusarium (T-2 toxin, fusaric acid, moniliformin, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, beauvericin and diacetoxy-scirpenol) and will be discussed in depth because they are important contributors to some of the diseases caused by F. monoliforme.
Comparative analysis of the detrimental in vitro effects of three fusariotoxins on the selected structural and functional characteristics of rabbit spermatozoa
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Eva Tvrdá, Hana Greifová, Michal Ďuračka, Ľubomír Ondruška, Marek Halenár, Adriana Kolesárová
Fusarium fungi are mostly found in temperate climates and their toxins are worldwide the most economically significant food contaminants. Zearalenone (ZEA), trichothecenes, fumonisins, and moniliformin are among the most studied fusariotoxins (Alshannaq and Yu 2017). Trichothecenes, such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin (T-2) are highly toxic due to their ability to penetrate membrane lipid bilayers and to readily interact with nucleic acids and cellular organelles (Rocha et al. 2005). In the meantime, ZEA binds to cytosolic estrogen receptors localized in target cells, causing severe alterations to the expression of estrogen-responsive genes (Frizzell et al. 2011). As such, exposure to ZEA has been linked to hyperestrogenism in farm animals (López et al. 1988).
Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of mycotoxin fusaric acid
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Sevcan Mamur, Fatma Ünal, Serkan Yılmaz, Esra Erikel, Deniz Yüzbaşıoğlu
Fusarium fungi are commonly found in temperate climates and their toxins are possibly the most economically significant grain mycotoxins on the global basis (Wood 1992). They produce trichothecenes, such as HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, monoacetoxy-scirpenol, zearalenone, moniliformin, fumonisins, verrucarin A, and fusaric acid (FA) (De Nıjs et al. 1996, Mezes 2008). FA (5-butylpicolinic acid) is a phytotoxin (Gaumann 1957, Stankovic et al.2007) produced by various Fusarium species especially Fusarium moniliforme which grow on maize (Voss et al.1999, Abdul et al.2016). It was first discovered during the laboratory culture of Fusarium heterosporum nees by Yabuta et al. (1937) (Bacon et al.1996). FA was reported to be a potent inhibitor of dopamine b-hydroxylase, which is an indicator for nervous system activity (Reddy et al.1996) and it may interact synergistically with other natural toxins (Bacon et al.1995, 1996, Porter et al.1995, 1996, Voss et al.1999).
Mycotoxicosis – diagnosis, prevention and control: past practices and future perspectives
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2020
Some mycotoxins produce lesions that allow a definitive diagnosis like zearalenone, yet a much larger number of mycotoxins produce lesions that do not permit a definitive diagnosis like aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, patulin, tremorgenic mycotoxins, moniliformin, citreoviridin, and so on. The clinical findings and pathological lesions in such cases are highly suggestive of the presence of mycotoxicosis but epidemiological or analytical findings are necessary for confirmed diagnosis. Table 1 shows some of the specific and generalized lesions caused by different mycotoxins.