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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Published in Adorjan Aszalos, Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020
Joel J. Kirschbaum, Adorjan Aszalos
The anticoccidiosis and growth-promoting agent monensin, a polyether, was assayed in animal feed at high concentrations of 13.2% using an octadecylsilane column and a mobile phase of methanol-water (90:10) flowing at 2 ml/min through a refractive index detector. Recoveries averaged 103%. The responses are linear from 1 to 4 mg/ml [486].
Sperm Chemotaxis
Published in Claude Gagnon, Controls of Sperm Motility, 2020
Several modifications of sperm metabolism in response to speract or resact have been associated with a modulation of the activity of the flagellar Na+/H+ exchanger.114-117 Resact half-maximally increases sperm respiration at 0.5 nM at pH 6.6, but is inefficient at pH 8.0. Speract requires extracellular Na+ ions (at approximately 55 nM) to stimulate by half the respiration of S. purpuratus spermatozoa, and monensin, a monovalent cationic ionophore with a high selectivity for Na+/H+ exchange, was shown to mimic speract stimulatory response. Both speract and monensin induce a rapid Na+-dependent acid efflux and a rapid22 Na+ uptake from extracellular medium. They have the same effect on sperm ATP synthesis, ATP utilization, cell motility, and general cell metabolism. However, monensin is less effective than speract in elevating cyclic nucleotide concentrations. Speract produces elevations of cyclic GMP in absence of extracellular Na+ and resact elevates cyclic GMP concentrations (half-stimulation being observed in the presence of 25 nM resact), independently of the extracellular pH. These results seem to dissociate the metabolism of cyclic GMP from the function of the Na+/H+ exchanger.
Stimulus-Secretion Coupling: Ions
Published in Stephen W. Carmichael, Susan L. Stoddard, The Adrenal Medulla 1986 - 1988, 2017
Stephen W. Carmichael, Susan L. Stoddard
Takahashi, Sugino and Kudo (1986) found that monensin induced a profound release of radiolabeled materials from a subclone of PC12 cells preloaded with tritiated norepinephrine. The release was suppressed by the absence of external sodium but not external calcium. Monensin caused a slight increase in intracellular calcium. Takahashi et al. (1986) suggested that monensin expels norepinephrine from storage vesicles, the amine is metabolized by cytoplasmic monoamine oxidase, and the metabolites are released from the cell in a nonexocytotic manner.
Effect of antibiotic monensin on cell proliferation and IGF1R signaling pathway in human colorectal cancer cells
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Youping Zhou, Youlin Deng, Jing Wang, Zhengjian Yan, Qiang Wei, Jixing Ye, Junhui Zhang, Tong-Chuan He, Min Qiao
The patients with colorectal cancer at stage IV accounts for about 20-25% of total patients, whose 5-year survival rate only reaches about 10% and much less than that at stage I-II, which ranges from 80% to 90% [1,3]. This is due to the limitations of chemotherapy resulting from drug resistance and organ toxicities [4,5]. Thus, searching and developing a novel effective therapeutic agency become critical to treat colorectal cancer. Various ionophore antibiotics, including monensin, salinomycin and nigericin, have been reported to overcome multidrug resistance in different types of cancer cells [44,45], Present study showed that monensin effectively inhibited cell proliferation as well as migration, and induced apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest in RKO and HCT-116. Similar results have been reported in other researches with respect to various kinds of cancers, including prostate, ovarian, lung, glioma, renal, myeloma, colorectal cancer cell lines and so on [9–20]. Furthermore, a recent study indicated that malignant neoplasm showed more sensitive to monensin than their nonmalignant counterparts [9]. Simultaneously, as an antibiotic, monensin has represented a positive safety profile in veterinary medicine and been applied in cattle and poultry feed for nearly 50 years [8,20]. Given the features described above, monensin has the potential to be repurposed as the novel therapeutic agency against tumor, including colorectal cancer.
Monensin synergizes with chemotherapy in uveal melanoma through suppressing RhoA
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2023
Chaoxia Zeng, Mingxia Long, Ying Lu
Monensin is one of the most widely studied ionophoric antibiotics and is used to treat bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections [8]. Interestingly, like many other anthelmintics and antibiotics that also target cancer cells across multiple tumor types [9–11], monensin has been found to display anti-cancer activities against ovarian cancer, glioblastoma, leukemia, melanoma, and breast cancer [12–16]. Of note, monensin inhibits chemo-resistant pancreatic cancer growth and acts synergistically with anti-cancer drugs in ovarian cancer [17–19]. Apart from cancer cells, monensin potently inhibits tumor endothelial cells and cancer stem cells [15,16]. Other studies also show that monensin has preferentially toxicity to tumor cells compared to their normal counterparts [16,20]. Increasing evidence indicates that monensin can be repurposed for the treatment of cancer [21]. In this work, we investigated the translational potential in UM by assessing the effects of monensin and its underlying molecular using multiple UM cell lines.