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AI and Immunology Considerations in Pandemics and SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19
Published in Louis J. Catania, AI for Immunology, 2021
All of the procedures and policies to reduce risks of infectious spread are categorized as “mitigation.” Results of mitigation are measured by “flattening the (modeling) curve” (the inverted bellshaped curve measuring daily cases and mortality).
Experiences and lessons learnt from telemedicine projects supported by the IDRC
Published in Richard Wootton, Nivritti G. Patil, Richard E. Scott, Kendall Ho, Telehealth in the Developing World, 2019
When Scott compared the projects, he saw that several common deficiencies had an adverse effect on nearly all of them. The deficiencies included:7Lack of planning for a sound, strategic health needs assessment, lack of planning for sustainability of (proven) solutions, lack of consideration for and mitigation of change management issues, lack of sound evaluation planning or execution, limited or no dissemination (formal or informal) of findings, and no significant or structured knowledge translation and transfer to influence decision- or policy-making around future e-health implementations…. In addition, several general issues came to light, which also will need to be addressed. These included considerations around application software (i.e. open source versus proprietary solutions), application focus (e.g. use of traditional versus more novel technology such as GIS or m-health tools8), and local e-health knowledge and expertise (i.e. need for skill transfer and capacity building).
Principles and theories
Published in Emily Ying Yang Chan, Disaster Public Health and Older People, 2019
The temporal cycle of most disasters may be divided into three phases: pre-impact phase, impact phase and post-impact phase. The pre-impact phase is the period before the onset of a disaster, when there is the greatest potential for prevention and preparedness efforts might be organised and implemented to reduce the negative health impact of disasters. Two key approaches, disaster preparedness and mitigation, are vital activities in this phase. Disaster preparedness refers to activities undertaken by health professionals to ensure timely and efficient response systems when disasters strike, as well as actions taken at the community and individual levels to maximise resilience and protect against and minimise physical and emotional damage resulting from disasters. Mitigation involves measures deployed to reduce the health risk posed by hazards. A natural hazard may affect both the natural and built environments and result in a disaster if appropriate mitigation measures are not taken to reduce the vulnerability of these environments beforehand or protect the population from being exposed to the hazard.
Managing blood supplies during natural disasters, humanitarian emergencies, and pandemics: lessons learned from COVID-19
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2023
Tayler A. Van Denakker, Arwa Z. Al-Riyami, Rita Feghali, Richard Gammon, Cynthia So-Osman, Elizabeth P. Crowe, Ruchika Goel, Herleen Rai, Aaron A.R. Tobian, Evan M. Bloch
There are four phases of emergency management: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery [17]. The mitigation phase focuses on measures to prevent or minimize the impact of the disaster. In the context of the blood supply, measures include maintenance of a stable blood inventory, consistent blood collections, and routine inventory monitoring. The preparedness phase includes disaster preparedness planning, which emphasizes communication and coordination among involved parties (i.e. blood centers, hospital transfusion services, hospital management). The response phase involves activation of disaster preparedness plans, in concert with initiation of efforts to combat the effects (direct and/or indirect) on the blood supply. Direct effects stem from the need for blood to address the surge in demand from trauma/mass injury, or reduction of blood donation in the case of outbreak [18]. Indirect effects relate to damage to infrastructure, thus disrupting blood collection, processing or distribution of blood. Finally, the recovery phase focuses on restoration of services to levels that existed prior to the event. While some challenges are shared, each disaster presents its own demands on the blood banking community [19].
Barriers leading to increased disability in neurologically challenged populations during COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Jennifer D’souza, Arunima Biswas, Pooja Gada, Jaydip Mangroliya, Manikandan Natarajan
Knowledge derived from this review can assist healthcare personnel and rehabilitation specialists in addressing these identified problems. Such awareness can also foster new research questions and assist policymakers in designing mitigation strategies to minimize the detrimental effects on neurologically challenged individuals. Some of the mitigation strategies could be setting up an openly accessible, feasible, and flexible healthcare and rehabilitation system that focuses equally on COVID and non-COVID-based care. There is a growing need for revisiting and refining education and networking policies for patients, healthcare, and rehabilitation personnel. Medical counseling and guidance are of prime importance in this pandemic era. Providing creative, patient-centered, and pliable solutions for emergencies, acceptance of telemedicine and telerehabilitation as the "new normal" and improving the quality and accessibility of these services make the top of the priority list. Upgrading tele-based services wherein patients and their disease can be monitored as similar to as face to face interactions. We need to implement mitigation strategies quickly and learn from this experience to improve quick shifts to care practices in the future.
Substance use, sexual behavior, and general well-being of U.S. college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A brief report
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Madison K. Firkey, Alan Z. Sheinfil, Sarah E. Woolf-King
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a global pandemic. As of November 4th, 2020, 47.7 million cases have been confirmed worldwide,1 of which the United States (U.S.) accounts for approximately 20%.2 Consequently, increases in patients seeking care for respiratory illness have overwhelmed the U.S. healthcare system, routine medical appointments and elective surgeries have been postponed, and access to affordable healthcare has declined for millions of Americans who have lost employer-sponsored health insurance.3 In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the U.S. implemented mitigation efforts to reduce the spread of the virus. By April 2020, most states had closed non-essential workplaces, limited the movement and gathering of people, and restricted social activities.4 Universities canceled residential instruction and required students residing in campus housing to return to their primary home residence.4