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Therapeutic Potential of Ocimum tenuiflorum L.: Metabolic and Mental Disorders
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Ademola Olabode Ayeleso, T. Jesse Joel, Sujogya Kumar Panda, The Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Nishikant A. Raut, Dadasaheb M. Kokare, Gail B. Mahady
Alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines stimulate the function of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter that is widely distributed in the brain and is responsible for reducing brain activity. In addition to the benzodiazepines, antihistamines, and some sleeping medications (such as glutethimide and methyprylon) are also prescribed. Almost all sedative drugs are addictive and develop dependence; and they may experience severe withdrawal symptoms on termination of the treatment.
Barbiturates, Alcohol, And Tranquilizers
Published in S.J. Mulé, Henry Brill, Chemical and Biological Aspects of Drug Dependence, 2019
Abrupt abstinence from methyprylon precipitates a syndrome characterized by confusion, restlessness, agitation, sweating, and polyuria. Grand mal-like seizures, and a schizophreniform delirium with auditory and visual hallucinations may also occur. Death has been reported in a case involving withdrawal from daily doses of 7.5 to 12 g of the drug taken for about 18 months.59
Medication effects on sleep
Published in S.R. Pandi-Perumal, Meera Narasimhan, Milton Kramer, Sleep and Psychosomatic Medicine, 2017
Depending on criteria, chronic insomnia affects 7%–15% of the population.9,10 Historically, sedative/hypnotics have been some of the most commonly prescribed drugs. Many sedatives were initially utilized as anesthetics. Chloral hydrate was the original “Mickey Finn” that was slipped into the drinks of unsuspecting marks for the purposes of criminal activity. Unfortunately, the potentially fatal dose for chloral hydrate is quite close to the therapeutic dose, and murders rather than robberies were often the result. In the years leading up to the discovery of benzodiazepines, barbiturates were commonly utilized for their sedative effects. Unfortunately, these medications can be drugs of abuse and have a significant danger of overdose. Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley, and Jim Morrison, among others, were celebrities who died during this era from overdoses that included sleeping pills. Barbiturates and barbiturate-like medications (methaqualone [Quaalude, Sopor], glutethimide [Doriden], ethchlorvynol [Placidyl], and methyprylon [Noludar]) are still available, but are rarely used because of their limited efficacy, cognitive effects, potential for abuse, and lethal toxicity associated with overdose.5
ARTIFICIAL CELL evolves into nanomedicine, biotherapeutics, blood substitutes, drug delivery, enzyme/gene therapy, cancer therapy, cell/stem cell therapy, nanoparticles, liposomes, bioencapsulation, replicating synthetic cells, cell encapsulation/scaffold, biosorbent/immunosorbent haemoperfusion/plasmapheresis, regenerative medicine, encapsulated microbe, nanobiotechnology, nanotechnology
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
The author starts the study on the use of artificial cells containing adsorbents for haemoperfusion. This included personally carried out scaled up, animal testing and clinical trials with patients. He shows the safety and effectiveness for using this first in animals and then in patients. Figure 7 shows the result of one of the many patient trials the author has carried out [13]. This is a suicidal patient who ingests 3 times the lethal dose of a sleeping pill, methyprylon. Five hours of standard haemodialysis treatment cannot lower the drug level and the patient remains comatose, hypotensive with cardiac arrests. When the author starts haemoperfusion treatment the plasma methryprylon level decreases rapidly in 2 h and the patient is no longer comatose nor hypotensive and shortly recovers completely.