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Pain
Published in Michele Barletta, Jane Quandt, Rachel Reed, Equine Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2023
Jarred Williams, Katie Seabaugh, Molly Shepard, Dana Peroni
Local anesthetics have been associated with chondrotoxicity. Mepivacaine is the local anesthetic least likely to cause chondrocyte damage. Therefore, if intra-articular local anesthetic is required, mepivacaine is preferred.
Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics
Published in Pamela E. Macintyre, Stephan A. Schug, Acute Pain Management, 2021
Pamela E. Macintyre, Stephan A. Schug
Mepivacaine has a similar anesthetic profile to lidocaine with a relatively rapid onset and a moderate duration of action. Unlike lidocaine, mepivacaine is effective as a topical agent only in large doses and should not be used for this indication.
What You Need for a Trichology Consultation
Published in Rubina Alves, Ramon Grimalt, Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Hair Diseases, 2021
Oscar Muñoz Moreno-Arrones, Sergio Vañó Galván
For the treatment of hair disorders, local drug infiltration may be necessary. It is especially useful to have corticosteroids ready to be infiltrated to any autoimmune alopecia. There are essentially two corticosteroids that are used for infiltration: triamcinolone acetonide and mometasone acetate. While the procedure and concentration of intralesional corticosteroid administration escapes the objective of this chapter, we must mention that we prefer the use of the corticosteroid diluted in an amide anaesthetic (usually lidocaine 5%) in an insulin syringe (30 G, 1 mL). In addition, other molecules can be administered to stimulate hair growth. In general, these drugs (e.g. dutasteride or minoxidil) must be formulated in excipients for their correct stability at the time of administration. Usually 1-mL luer-lock syringes are used, which are then attached to 30 G 0.30 × 4 mm needles (Figure 18.3). The administration of local anesthetics may be indicated prior to some procedures such as mesotherapy. It may be especially useful to have amides such as mepivacaine and lidocaine rapidly available to anesthetize the area. Both lidocaine and mepivacaine are excellent anesthetics due to their rapid action and safety. We usually inject them into syringes and needles of similar characteristics to the previously mentioned drugs.
Salivary VEGF and post-extraction wound healing in type 2 diabetic immediate denture wearers
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2022
Katarina Radović, Božidar Brković, Jelena Roganović, Jugoslav Ilić, Aleksandra Milić Lemić, Boris Jovanović
Pre-prosthetic procedures included: attendance of a program of professional dental hygiene to nullify differences in preoperative hygiene conditions and atraumatic extractions of remaining 3 maxillary teeth without elevation of the full-thickness flap to preserve the bone ridges and soft tissue. The alveolar nerve block was obtained by using 2% mepivacaine. Both groups of participants, with and without diabetes, were indicated for immediate complete denture in order to provide T2DM participants with adequate mastication and to standardize the study conditions. The existing mandibular complete dentures were replaced on the day of receiving maxillary immediate complete dentures. The surgical protocol and clinical evaluation were conducted at the Clinic of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine in Belgrade. The fabrication of new dentures (maxillary immediate complete dentures and mandibular complete dentures) and post-insertion denture adjustments necessary for removing difficulties that included pain and discomfort were performed at the Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine in Belgrade. The study received approval from the Ethics Committee of the School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade (No. 32/36 in 2012 year) and was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration.
Recent Advances in Biomaterials for the Treatment of Bone Defects
Published in Organogenesis, 2020
Le-Yi Zhang, Qing Bi, Chen Zhao, Jin-Yang Chen, Mao-Hua Cai, Xiao-Yi Chen
Biomaterials also show promise to circumvent the pain associated with severe bone trauma. Pain management for bone regeneration interventions typically involves non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and local anesthetics.75 NSAIDs can however delay bone healing and amplify the risk of other complications, whilst opioids are legally controlled compounds with major side effects and addictive properties. Local anesthetics can relieve pain, but their short duration of action limits their efficacy.77 To circumvent these issues, Subaie et al. developed a bone regeneration biomaterial that could relieve pain through minimally-invasive procedures.78 In their study, sodium magnesium phosphate nanocrystal gels were used as osteoinductive colloidal suspensions that were injected through high gauge needles to control the release of the local anesthetic mepivacaine, producing an injectable bone regeneration biomaterial with analgesic properties. When the system was assessed in vivo using the mouse-hindpaw model,78 the gel controlled mepivacaine release for up to 24 h, prolonging its activity. No structural changes occurred for the drug, highlighting its compatibility with the gel. This biomaterial therefore holds promise for minimizing the invasiveness of bone regeneration procedures, and could limit the healing period of bone defects. Ultimately, this could eliminate the need for systemic drugs and NSAIDs during bone pain management procedures.
Prostate volume and age are predictors of energy delivery using the CoreTherm Concept in patients with LUTS/BPO: a study on thermal dose
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2020
Fredrik Stenmark, Lars Brudin, Henrik Kjölhede, Ralph Peeker, Johan Stranne
Microwave treatment means that a catheter, containing a microwave antenna is placed in the urethra in order to emit microwaves. The treatment catheter used in ProstaLund Feedback Treatment (PLFT, CoreTherm) contains a temperature sensor inserted into the prostate (intraprostatic sensor (IP sensor)) and is used to calculate cell kill [1], which is dependent on tissue temperature and treatment time [1–4]. The calculated cell kill corresponds to tissue destruction seen on transrectal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology [5–7]. Intraprostatic blood flow can increase considerably as a response to heat [2,8] and thereby act as a coolant by lowering the temperature within the prostate [2,3]. Intraprostatic injections of a local anesthetic containing mepivacaine and adrenaline (MA) via a catheter can abolish or minimize blood flow. The CoreTherm Concept is defined as treatment with CoreTherm in combination with intraprostatic injections of MA via an approved injection device, the Schelin catheter [9,10]. This treatment concept does not utilize fixed protocols. Instead, a cell kill of 20% is the recommended primary (treatment) endpoint [11].