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Procaine
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Procaine is a local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for production of local or regional anesthesia, particularly for oral surgery. Procaine (like cocaine) has the advantage of constricting blood vessels which reduces bleeding, unlike other local anesthetics such as lidocaine. In pharmaceutical products, both procaine and procaine hydrochloride (CAS number 51-05-8, EC number 200-077-2, molecular formula C13H21CIN2O2) may be employed (1).
Low Back Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
Other tests: X-ray is usually negative.MRI is able to clearly reveal the torn ligament.The injection of 5–10 ml 1% procaine into the painful sites may stop the symptoms, but the pain comes back after the local anesthesia wears off.
Generation of the Action Potential
Published in Nassir H. Sabah, Neuromuscular Fundamentals, 2020
The independence of the Na+ and K+ voltage-gated channels is strongly supported by the fact that different drugs can selectively block one channel and not the other. Thus, the voltage-gated Na+ channel of neurons is selectively blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX), a potent toxin produced by symbiotic bacteria and found in many animal species, particularly aquatic animals such as the puffer fish. Local anesthetics, such as procaine, are synthetic drugs that, by blocking the voltage-gated Na+ channels of axons carrying pain signals, prevent pain-induced APs in the periphery from reaching the central nervous system and hence the brain centers responsible for the sensation of pain. The voltage-gated K+ channel in axons is selectively blocked by the synthetic drug tetraethylammonium (TEA).
Pharmacological Treatments for Localized Provoked Vulvodynia: A Scoping Review
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2023
Krisztina Bajzak, Alex Rains, Lisa Bishop, Michelle Swab, Michelle E. Miller, Gabrielle S. Logan, Victoria Jackman, Liam Jackman, Diana L. Gustafson
Subcutaneous procaine (a local anesthetic) and GIB with local anesthetic and steroid yielded promising results in case reports but follow-up studies with comparator groups have yet to be conducted. Enoxaparin, which is postulated to prevent neural proliferation and strengthen vestibular stroma, led to improved scores on the cotton swab test in an RCT, but other outcomes were not significantly different from placebo (Farajun et al., 2012.). Neither procaine nor enoxaparin were studied as independent interventions prior to 2010 (Andrews, 2011). The continued lack of evidence for injectable medications at present and the discomfort patients experience during administration may render these options less desirable. Despite side-effects and discomfort associated with administration of certain injectables, participants were surprisingly tolerant, with high rates of adherence and low dropout rates.
Emerging role of nanomedicine in the treatment of neuropathic pain
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2020
Pankaj Bidve, Namrata Prajapati, Kiran Kalia, Rakesh Tekade, Vinod Tiwari
Local anaesthetics in the treatment of NeP are one of the conflicting issue [50–52]. S. Shankarappa and D. Kohane also suggested that prolong the release of local anaesthetics may hold a promising alternative in the treatment of NeP conditions [53]. Recently, much attention is focussed on locally acting agents which can reduce pain intensity by acting locally and thus avoid the systemic side effects like constipation, urinary retention, itching, sedation, addiction, tolerance and death due to overdose. Local anaesthetics like procaine, lidocaine and bupivacaine have started gaining attention in the treatment of chronic pain conditions. However, their use is limited because of their relatively short duration of action thus unable to provide the desired effects by prolonging nerve blockage, thus interrupting the transmission of pain signals towards CNS [54].
Effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid on the development of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic rats: regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-oxidative activation
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Amany Abdel-Ghaffar, Ghada G. Elhossary, Atef M. Mahmoud, Amany H. M. Elshazly, Olfat A. Hassanin, Anisa Saleh, Sahar M. Mansour, Fatma G. Metwally, Laila K. Hanafy, Sawsan H. Karam, Neveen Darweesh, Ahmed Mostafa Ata
Ophthalmological examination of the eyes of all animals was performed every week during the experimental period. One drop of tropicamide 1% mydriatic was instilled into the rat’s eyes at least 30 min prior to fundus examination. Pupils were checked to confirm pupil dilatation, and if necessary, another drop was instilled. The animals were anaesthetized using ketamine (20 mg/kg). The anaesthetic was injected into the rat’s thigh muscles, 10 min prior to fundus examination. Then 1 drop of procaine hydrochloride (0.5% local anaesthetic) was instilled into the rat’s eyes. Additional ketamine (5 mg/kg) was administered, if needed, during extended experiments. The room was darkened and fundus examination was performed using an indirect ophthalmoscope (Heine and 20 D Volk lens).