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Fragrance for Hair Care Products
Published in Dale H. Johnson, Hair and Hair Care, 2018
While pump sprays are less difficult to work with than aerosols, a perfumer must consider foremost the initial burst of the formula basenotes which must be effectively neutralized. This is made more difficult because the fragrance level is generally low (0.1% to 0.3%). Residual characteristics should be reduced since the spray pattern will diffuse background notes too soon and distort the fragrance balance. Again, the topnotes must be enhanced—sometimes by as much as 20% to 30%. The addition of a diffusive masking agent such as amyl acetate can alleviate some of the problems and not interfere with the basic fragrance character.
Cultivation of Anise Myrtle (Syzygium anisatum)
Published in Yasmina Sultanbawa, Fazal Sultanbawa, Australian Native Plants, 2017
Gary Mazzorana, Mazzorana Melissa
Given that the anise myrtle leaf is one of the highest known sources of the compound anethole, it is ideal for using as a flavour-masking agent, expectorant, sedative and stimulant in cough medicines. Plants containing anethole have traditionally been used to assist with weight loss, lactation and stomach complaints. Trans-anethole rich herbs have traditionally been used to treat conditions like anorexia, belching, hiccupping or reflux and persistent epigastric pain. It is regarded as an antiseptic, bactericide, cancer-preventative, carminative, dermatitogenic, expectorant, fungicide, gastro-stimulant and insecticide. Anecdotally, anethole cures intestinal cramps, colic and flatulence.
Ultraviolet Fluorescence Photography
Published in Adrian Davies, Digital Ultraviolet and Infrared Photography, 2017
It has recently been discovered,1 almost by accident, that several carnivorous plants, including various species of the pitcher plant (Sarracenia spp. and Nepenthes spp.), emit fluorescence when illuminated with UV radiation. Researchers in India were studying the carnivorous plant Nepenthes khasiana for another reason, and happened to put one under a UV source. They found that the rim around the pitcher (the peristome) fluoresced brightly under UV. I have examined several other species of Nepenthes (often known as monkey cups), and found the same effect with many of them, It is thought that insects are attracted to this area of the plant at night, when the plant is lit by UV-rich moonlight, leading them to the source of the nectar (and probable death). Also, several species of Nepenthes studied in Borneo have developed symbiotic relationships with small mammals such as rats, shrews and bats which may also be attracted to the glowing circular rim. These mammals come to drink the nectar from the plants, and may even defaecate into the trap, adding nutrient to the plant. The team painted a UV-masking agent onto the rim of some plants, blocking the fluorescence, and found that the plants with the masking agent caught significantly fewer prey items.
Structural and in vitro in vivo evaluation for taste masking
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2018
Basheer Al-Kasmi, Okba Al Rahal, Hind El-Zein, Abdul-Hakim Nattouf
In general, a taste-masking process evaluation of a drug includes two tests: a structural test and an in vitro in vivo test (Figure 1). The structural test includes two criteria. The first criterion is that no chemical interaction between the drug and the masking agent is observed (this can be tested by FT-IR, Figure 1). The second criterion is the confirmation of the success of the masking method by forming a solid dispersion between the drug and the masking agent and that can be tested by DSC and PXRD (Figure 1). Once the drug-masking process evaluation passes the first test, the next step is the in vitro in vivo evaluation, which can be tested by dissolution, electronic tongues and volunteers [3]. This review article will discuss the detailed structural evaluation and the in vitro in vivo evaluation of a taste-masking process.