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Apiaceae Plants Growing in the East
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Sherweit El-Ahmady, Nehal Ibrahim, Nermeen Farag, Sara Gabr
The major constituents of A. majus are furanocoumarins, which include xanthotoxins (methoxsalen, 8-methoxypsoralen, ammoidin), imperatorin (ammidin) and bergaptens (heraclin, majudin, 5-methoxypsoralen), marmesin, isoimperatorin, heraclenin, isopimpinellin, 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4 methyl coumarin and 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy coumarin as well as nonfurocoumarin and umbelliprenin (Al-Snafi 2013). Recently, newly identified coumarins with cytotoxic properties were isolated (El-Sharkawy and Selim 2018).
Antiproliferative Potential of Medicinal Plants—an Evaluation by in Vivo, in Vitro, and in Silico Approaches
Published in V. R. Mohan, A. Doss, P. S. Tresina, Ethnomedicinal Plants with Therapeutic Properties, 2019
HPLC revealed the presence of rutin, quercitin, marmesin, and ursolic acid in the ethanolic extract of A. marmelos leaves. The GC–MS analysis of ethyl acetate fraction of A. marmelos leaves contain benzo[b]-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2] lactone, 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic anhydride, cinnamic acid, palmiticacid, 1-phenylpyrrole, cinnamamide, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, gamma-sitasterol, caryophyllene oxide, alpha-amyrin, loliolide, etc., justifying the use of this plant to treat many ailments in folk and herbal medicine (Uma Devi et al., 2011b, 2012b; Vanitha et al., 2010).
Aegle marmelos (Bael) and Annona squamosa (Sugar Apple)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Abhidha Kohli, Taufeeq Ahmad, Sachidanand Singh
A. marmelos is constituted of a variety of phytochemicals which form the basis of its medicinal properties. These chemical constituents, or bioactive compounds, mainly belong to the coumarin, alkaloid, polysaccharide, and tannin groups (Dutta et al., 2014). They are isolated from different parts of the plant such as leaves, roots, bark, flowers, and fruits. The phytoconstituents mainly include marmenol, marmin, marmelosin, marmelide, psoralen, alloimperatorin, rutaretin, scopoletin, α-phellandrene, betulinic acid, aegelin, marmelin, fagarine, anhydromarmelin, limonene, marmesin, imperatorin, marmelosin, luvangentin, auroptene (Bansal and Bansal, 2011), tannins, such as skimmianine, riboflavin (Yadav et al., 2011), and other organic acids, including oxalic, tartaric, malic and ascorbic acids, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, and quercetin (Rahman and Parvin, 2014). The pale color of the fruit is due to the presence of carotenoids (Dutta et al., 2014). It has been reported that methanolic extract of A. marmelos leaves showed anti-microfilarial activity against Brugiamalayi microfilariae which potentially might be attributed to the co-presence of the coumarin bioactive component (Sahare et al., 2008). oxazoline derivative aeglemarmelosine isolate whose structure was characterized as mentioned in a short report by Laphookhieo et al., (2011) were observed in the roots and twigs of A. marmelos. Another derivative, called “carboxymethylated fruit gum”, has enhanced mucoadhesive potential (Srivastava et al., 2015). Essential oil constituted of β- terpinyl acetate, 2,3-pinanediol, and 5- isopropenyl-2- methyl-7-oxabicyclo (4.1.0) hepten-2-ol derived from the leaves of the bael plant showed significant insecticidal properties against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Sarma et al., 2017). Antihistaminic constituents present in the alcoholic extract of A. marmelos have been reported to cause relaxation in the guinea pig isolated ileum and tracheal chain, thus supporting its potential to treat asthmatic ailments (Arul et al., 2004). Phenylethyl cinnamides derived from A. marmelos leaves act as α-glucosidase inhibitors and can help treat diabetes mellitus (Phuwapraisirisan et al., 2008). Various studies have revealed through the phytochemical analysis of extracts from A. marmelos plant parts, its utility for therapeutic purposes which have been tabulated in Table 17.1.
Biological activities of Viscum tuberculatum aqueous leaf extract
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Abraham Yirgu, Yalemtsehay Mekonnen, Amelework Eyado, Alessia Staropoli, Francesco Vinale
The phytochemical analysis of V. tuberculatum revealed 25 metabolites, belonging to different classes of natural compounds, such as flavonoid derivatives, phenolic acids, alkaloids, sugars, indoles, coumarins, lignans, carboxylic acids and polyphenols. Some of these natural products are recognized for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. For instance, quinic acid (Adamczak et al. 2019) and gallic acid (Olmedo-Juarez et al. 2019) are known for their antimicrobial against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus and anti-inflammatory activities in previous studies. In this study, they are found to account for 39.41 and 13.11% of the total abundance. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, which accounted for 71.07% of the total abundance in this study, has been reported to antimicrobial and fungicidal activity (Anand et al. 2019). Similarly, metabolites such as (–)-epicatechin (Bettaieb et al. 2016; Araujo et al. 2019), gallic acid (Li et al. 2017) and isorhamnetin (Tian et al. 2021) have exhibited both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Epicatechin and isorhamnetin, which were identified in this study accounted for 29.02% and 70.13% of total abundance, respectively. The antioxidant activity of quinic acid (Karaman et al. 2021), catechin and gallic acid (Đorđević et al. 2018) were also reported in previous studies. Additionally, marmesin (which account for 95.85% of total abundance) has been reported for its potent anti-proliferative property (Dong et al. 2018), and trigonelline (that account for 21.07% of total abundance) has antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects (Khalili et al. 2018), respectively.