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Nigella sativa Encapsulated Nano-Scaffolds and Their Bioactivity Significance
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Mohammed Asadullah Jahangir, Abdul Muheem, Syed Sarim Imam, Farhan Jalees Ahmed, Mohd. Aqil
N. sativa and its extract act against Candida albicans and Madurella mycetomatis. The activity of the extracts of N. sativa was claimed to be potentially more effective than antibiotics like amphotericin-B and griseofulvin against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Moreover, TQ confirmed potential activity against Trichophyton spp., Epidermophyton spp., and Microsporum spp. Aqueous extracts of N sativa showed no antifungal activity. The plant extract of N. sativa caused a significant inhibition of the growth of the fungi, Candida albicans (Aljabre et al., 2015). Size reduction of Amphotericin-B, Ketoconazole, and Thymoquinone was attempted by the ball milling technique, and particle size was found to be 5 to 20 nm. The nanoparticulated drug and the conventionally available microstructured drug form were examined against Candida albicans yeast and candida biofilm. Prepared nanosized drug particles were found to be two or four times effective in both candida yeasts and candida biofilm (Randhawa et al., 2015).
Ravuconazole
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Virginia Ramos-Martín, Li Min Ling, Monica A. Slavin
Ravuconazole has potent in vitro activity against Madurella mycetomatis, the most common etiologic agent of eumycetoma, with MICs ranging between ≤ 0.002 and 0.031 μg/ml, which are significantly lower than the MICs reported for ketoconazole and itraconazole (Ahmed et al., 2014).
Invasive Mold Infections
Published in Johan A. Maertens, Kieren A. Marr, Diagnosis of Fungal Infections, 2007
Fernanda P. Silveira, Flavio Queiroz-Telles, Marcio Nucci
Dematiaceous fungi comprise a group of darkly pigmented fungi. The pigment results from the production of melanin by the fungus. Dematiaceous fungi are widely distributed in the environment, and occasionally cause infection in humans. These fungi are considered to have a relatively low virulence, and the spectrum of disease is influenced mainly by host factors. The clinical spectrum of infection includes black grain mycetomas, chromoblastomycosis, sinusitis, and superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, and systemic phaeohyphomycosis (145). Recently, other conditions such as fungemia have been added to the spectrum of diseases caused by dematiaceous fungi (146). The clinical presentationof mycetoma was described in the previous session. The most frequent dematiaceous fungi causing mycetoma is Madurella mycetomatis. Chromoblastomycosis is an infection that involves the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and is a consequence of penetrating trauma to the skin, especially in the lower extremities. The infection has a chronic course, and different types of skin lesions may occur, including papules and nodules that increase over time to produce extensive lesions with different aspects, such as plaques and verrucous, cicatricial, and tumorous lesions (147). The diagnosis characteristic of chromoblastomycosis in tissue is the presence of sclerotic or muriform bodies, round fungal elements with horizontal and vertical septa. Phaeohyphomycosis is designated when there is invasive infection with darkly pigmented hyphae in tissue or abscesses. Several pigmented fungal structures, including septate hyphae, yeast cells, and vesicular bodies may be observed (Fig. 18). The hallmark of its diagnosis is the demonstration of tissue invasion by these pigmented elements. However, hyphal pigmentation may be difficult to detect by the most frequently used stains, unless the Masson-Fontana stain is used. Although it is not specific for these fungi (148), a positive staining with Masson-Fontana is virtually diagnostic of a phaeohyphomycosis.
The antifungal pipeline for invasive fungal diseases: what does the future hold?
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Chin Fen Neoh, Wirawan Jeong, David CM Kong, Monica A Slavin
Olorofim has potent in vitro activity against Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii (Figure 2) and was shown to be efficacious in murine model of cerebral coccidioidomycosis infected by C. immitis [89]. It also exhibited good in vitro activity against other fungi including Rasamsonia argillacea species complex, Metarrhizium anisopliae, Pleurostomophora richardsiae, Talaromyces marneffei, Sarocladium kiliense, Penicillium spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Ramularia spp., Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. and Madurella mycetomatis, but has marginal activity against Phialemonium curvatum and Phaeoacremonium parasiticum [64,73,84,90–96].
The potential role of interleukin-37 in infectious diseases
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2020
Gamal Allam, Asmaa M. Gaber, Sarah I. Othman, Adel Abdel-Moneim
Eumycetoma is a chronic granulomatous subcutaneous inflammatory disease resulting from infection with Madurella mycetomatis (M. mycetomatis) and affecting deep subcutaneous tissues and bones leading to massive destruction, deformities and disabilities [73]. A recent study has demonstrated that eumycetoma patients showed higher circulating levels of IL-37. In addition, serum levels of IL-37 were positively correlated with diameters of mycetoma lesions and negatively correlated with levels of IL-1β. However, the levels of IL-1β were negatively correlated with diameters of lesions, and unit increment in IL-1β decreases the levels of IL-37 by 35.28 pg/ml. The study concluded that high levels of IL-37 may have a negative impact on eumycetoma progression and clinical outcomes [74].