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Heartburn/Acid Reflux/Indigestion/Dyspepsia/Pyrosis/GERD
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Antacids: Antacids provide immediate symptomatic relief for mild GERD and are often used concurrently with acid blockers.6 For acid reflux, antacids are usually taken orally one and three hours after meals and at bedtime. In general, antacids should be ingested in liquid form because this probably has a greater acid neutralizing capacity than powder or tablet dosage forms.7 Over-the-counter products that neutralize stomach acid include aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel, AlternaGEL, Gaviscon), magnesium hydroxide (Phillips’ Milk of Magnesia), aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta), calcium carbonate (Rolaids, Titralac, Tums), and sodium bicarbonate (Alka-Seltzer).4,8
Nutritional and Dietary Supplementation during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Antacids are classified based on their content: aluminum, calcium, magnesium, magaldrate, sodium bicarbonate, and combinations of any of these. Antacids are the most common over-the-counter and prescribed gastrointestinal medications used by pregnant women. Combinations of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide are used in popular commercial preparations (e.g., Maalox, Mylanta, Riopan, and Gelusil). Calcium carbonate is also a very popular antacid (e.g., Tums, Titralac, Rolaids, and Chooz).
Acquired Bleeding Disorders Associated with Disease and Medications
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
William A. Rock, Sue D. Walker
History. This is the case of a 65-year-old woman with a long history of chronic alcoholism who has had multiple admissions for bleeding esophageal varices, bleeding hemorrhoids, and severe anemia. Multiple attempts at esophageal sclerosis have been unsuccessful in stopping the esophageal bleeding. The patient is actively bleeding and is scheduled for a portocaval shunt. The patient denies any personal or family history of a bleeding disorder. Current medications include Intra-lipid, Maalox, Mefoxin, Zantac, Gentamicin, and Aldactone.
Safety considerations when managing gastro-esophageal reflux disease in infants
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2021
Melina Simon, Elvira Ingrid Levy, Yvan Vandenplas
This drug is available under the name of Maalox® and is not recommended under the age of two years, because it contains aluminum [97,98]. One randomized controlled trial in infants (n = 26), showed in comparison with placebo, that the plasma aluminum level was significantly higher (p = 0.05) than that in the control group [97]. A similar study in 22 infants showed that in 50% of those receiving antacids over a period of 11 weeks the plasma aluminum level was high [98]. Important to know is that the levels that were observed have been associated with renal failure after chronic exposure [98]. Further, according to studies performed in adults, high levels of aluminum can cause encephalopathy, anemia and osteomalacia [97]. As a consequence, no guideline recommends this class of drugs for GERD of GERD-like symptoms in infants [9,12].
Response to: letter to the editor: consideration on ‘an evaluation of reports of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin association neuropsychiatric toxicities, long-term disability, and aortic aneurysms/dissections disseminated by the food and drug administration and the European medicines agency’ by bennett et al
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2020
Andrew C. Bennett, Charles L. Bennett, Bartlett J. Witherspoon
We appreciate the comments by Monti et al related to the potential for fluoroquinolones to be associated with pneumothorax. They posit that the primary reason that physicians do not submit comprehensive adverse event report information is a lack of knowledge about pharmacovigilance. We beg to disagree. In our recent manuscript in PLOS ONE ‘Caveat Medicus: Clinician experiences in publishing reports of serious oncology-associated adverse drug reactions’ [1], we interviewed 14 clinicians who had published case series of serious adverse drug reactions related to cancer. Twelve clinicians received negative feedback from pharmaceutical manufacturers and four clinicians received negative feedback from academic clinicians. One physician’s wife called the time following the publication of the adverse event information ‘the Maalox month.’ We have also previously reported that only 1% of adverse events that represented thalidomide-caused venous thromboembolism were reported to the Food and Drug Administration [2,3]. Our findings suggest that physicians may be concerned that negative feedback from pharmaceutical manufacturers and/or other clinicians may occur when they report potential adverse drug reactions, including rare events such as fluoroquinolone-associated pneumothorax.
A comparative study on the raft chemical properties of various alginate antacid raft-forming products
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Peter W. Dettmar, Diana Gil-Gonzalez, Jeanine Fisher, Lucy Flint, Daniel Rainforth, Antonio Moreno-Herrera, Mark Potts
In the current study, a further series of experiments were designed to show how the raft structure influences how efficiently the ANC within the raft can be utilized. The main characteristic is having the optimum of raft porosity which allows the acid passing through the raft to be in contact with the antacid now trapped within the raft, which in turn accounts for the period of time for the neutralization reaction to take place. Rennie Duo was too porous allowing acid to filter through and spend insufficient time within the raft to react with the antacid present. Both GDA and GO had an absorbent raft structure which was reflected in their superior duration of neutralization. In contrast, Peptac, Maalox, and Mylan had a nonabsorbent raft structure allowing the acid to pass through the outside channels of the raft structure rather than through the raft, which avoided the acid coming into contact with the antacid within the formulation which was reflected by the short neutralization times associated with these products. Algycon has no raft structure and therefore the lowest ANC and zero duration of neutralization.